NEIGHBORHOOD STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS,INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ATTITUDES,AND YOUTHS' CRIME REPORTING INTENTIONS*

Although the “stop snitching” phenomenon has brought recent attention to crime reporting, researchers have recognized for a long time the importance of this issue. Early studies focused on individual-level factors related to reporting, but recently, researchers have begun to examine neighborhood-level predictors. Most of these studies, however, omit key individual-level predictors of reporting and provide relatively little insight into the individual-level processes through which neighborhood context might affect reporting. This study uses survey data from a multisite, school-based study to examine whether neighborhood structural characteristics and individual-level attitudes and experiences are related to youths’ intentions to report crime. In addition, we assess whether neighborhood characteristics influence reporting via their effect on individual-level attitudes and experiences. We find that neighborhood poverty has an inverse relationship with crime reporting intentions and that numerous individual-level measures are associated with reporting, including attitudes toward the police, delinquency, and perceptions of the community. Importantly, the effects of neighborhood characteristics are reduced when youths’ attitudes and experiences are included in the model. Taken together, our findings suggest that neighborhood context might affect reporting by shaping the attitudes and experiences of youth.     

认知语境的建构与英语阅读理解

认知语境观揭示语义推理的认知心理依据和心理状态，语篇理解是一个”认知一推理”的动态化过程。认知语境及其在此基础上的预设在语篇处理中占有十分重要的地位，它揭示了语篇理解的认知心理依据，解释并制约着语言的表达与理解。本文从认知角度分析认知语境在阅读教学中的作用，从而指出在阅读教学中，教师应该引导学生运用正确的预设，建构合适的语境，提高学生的阅读能力和阅读速度。     

“行政主体间性”——府际关系的渊源与基点

我国中央政府、地方政府和行政部门之间的关系错综复杂,使得府际争议的求解鲜有头绪。行政主体间性的提出基于行政主体范式和主体间性理念,应用于公共行政之府际关系领域。行政主体间性倡导理性、创制规则,尊重多元行政主体的独立性,破除行政级别窠臼以实现多元行政主体间的全方位交流和多元政府间良性互动。     

论期待可能性理论的合理性——基于言伴语境理论的考察

只有在特定语境下才能达成对文本的理解和解释，言伴语境对意义生成具有重要作用。法律解释的言伴语境是当下案件事实。法官处理案件时在其前见的指引下根据法律规定选择、建构案件事实，根据案件事实赋予法律文本以语用意义，并且在语境和文本、案件事实和法律文本之间的多次循环往复中实现解释者和文本的视域融合，使法律文本的意义不断丰富和完善。刑法未规定期待可能性，但对其适用体现了言伴语境对文本意义的作用，因而其存在具有合理性。适用该理论不会打破法律的安定性和灵活性之间的平衡，法官因此而行使自由裁量权不违背现代法治精神。     

能源要素禀赋与俄罗斯产业结构初级化倾向研究

具有能源要素禀赋的俄罗斯借助国际油价大幅度上升的有利时机,扭转了经济长期衰退的颓势,并实现了经济的快速增长。但是由于能源产业在宏观经济中的地位不断提高,导致工业结构中产生了竞争力强的能源部门与竞争力弱的制造业部门并存的双重结构。同时,能源产品的出口具有绝对贸易比较优势。俄罗斯工业结构和出口产品结构过度倚重能源产业的局面,将可能使俄罗斯产业结构出现初级化特征,进而不利于俄罗斯提高产业结构水平。     

The political economy of global firms from India and China

This article attempts to build a bridge between contemporary studies of global firms from emerging economies and existing theories in comparative political economy. It argues that given the primacy of the state as an economic actor in developing countries, the variety of capitalism literature could provide a theoretical foundation for firm-level analyses of emerging market multinationals. For example, the authors suggest that China and India may be moving towards a ‘hybrid market economy’. They also offer a typology of Indian and Chinese corporates to demonstrate an empirical approach to analysing domestic business–government relationships and the ways in which these firms are shaped by the peculiarities of their respective institutional setting. Finally, they identify some of the likely pitfalls of doing cross-national comparisons of emerging market multinationals, particularly with respect to the reliability of corporate data.     

浙江省不同组织类型私营企业发展的比较研究

近几年来,浙江私营经济出现了从初级的传统市场经济向高级的现代市场经济演变的生动画面,企业制度的发展呈现出从个体作坊、家庭工商业逐步向现代公司制企业发展的鲜明特点;企业的产权结构从比较封闭单一逐步走向开放和多元化;企业领导层构成逐步社会化、职业化;家庭成员居多的现象逐步减少,管理人员与技术人员开始较多地参与企业高层决策;企业开始注重建立自己的销售网络,建立独立或合作的研究开发机构。     

比较法与冲突法关系之重新厘定

在冲突法的发展中 ,比较法一直扮演着重要角色。它提供了外国法的信息 ,推动着冲突规范的起草并指引冲突规范的适用。但从方法论的角度来看 ,二者又存在着潜在的对抗。随着欧洲一体化进程的加快和基本权利地位的提升 ,它从根本上改变着比较法与冲突法的关系 ,并将其引向了一个更新、更高的平台。相比之下 ,美国冲突法的乡土观念却使得比较法与冲突法间的盟友关系在美国本土变得十分脆弱。只有加强比较研究 ,才能从根本上改变美国冲突法的这种“岛国心态”。     

CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN EUROPEAN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS: WHY ARE FAMILY PRACTICES SO DIFFERENT FROM LEGAL THEORIES?

Debates about child custody following parental separation often have been framed in terms of a battle between the competing rights of different family members. In the United States, advocates of mothers’ rights square off against proponents of fathers’ rights, with each side claiming to truly represent children's rights. Of course, not all advocates lay claim to children's rights in contact and custody disputes merely as a tactical maneuver. Some experts believe that children are entitled to (and benefit from) their own, independent legal advocate in custody cases. In theory, at least, the position that children lay claim to a third set of independent rights is strongly held in Europe, more strongly than in many U.S. states, because of the adoption of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in Europe, but not in the United States. In this article, we examine children's rights in custody disputes from a European perspective, particularly children's legal right to contact with their parents, as well as the children's right to be heard in custody and contact disputes. We find that, despite differences in legal theory, tradition, and family demographics, European countries ultimately face a familiar reality: Custody and contact disputes are, in reality, more about renegotiating family relationships than they are a matter of a mother's, father's, or child's rights.     

规制的公共实施论评述

规制公共实施论是新比较经济学的一个热点研究领域。公共实施论的积极之处在于,强调对政府的中性态度,强调不同制度结构决定着规制实施能力的差别,强调从实施能力角度重新理解交易费用等,但在对规制的公共实施论的实践含义、认识含义与基本设定方面,却存在不可忽视的缺陷,文章就以上问题对公共实施论进行了较为全面的述评。