我国自洗钱行为不独立成罪的原因分析

从理论上讲,传统的行为理论和牵连犯理论不支持单独追诉自洗钱行为;从立法上说,刑法定性+定量的犯罪设立标准、上游犯罪的重刑配置和国际上对单独追究自洗钱行为的非强制性要求使中国刑法无须单独追究自洗钱行为;就司法而言,实践中能够通过将自洗钱评价为提高法定刑档次或从重处罚的“情节”来实现罪刑均衡使自洗钱行为独立成罪缺乏实践动力.     

我国恢复性行刑实施之困境探析

我国目前更适宜好好研究恢复性行刑问题,并在恢复性行刑的制度实践方面进行不断探索,推进我国刑罚、法治的进步,以及社会文明的提高。文章主要采用了比较研究的方法,介绍了恢复性行刑在国内外的研究现状,并找出其理论依据,由此得出恢复性行刑产生的深刻原因。在此基础上,通过对我国的经济状况、社会舆论以及制度因素的分析得出恢复性行刑在我国实施的困境,针对这一困境,结合我国当前实际情况,试图找出恢复性行刑自我国能够实施的可能性新出路。     

Electric Shock: The 2012 India Blackout and Public Confidence in Politicians

How do disruptions in basic public service delivery shape people’s perceptions of politicians? We offer evidence from the July 2012 blackout in India, the largest in human history. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, we compare confidence in politicians between households that were surveyed during the outage and affected by it (treatment) and only days before it (control). Balance statistics show that the treatment and control groups are statistically indistinguishable, and further tests indicate that there was no disturbance to the pattern of surveying. Far from undermining public confidence in politicians, the outage increased it, as citizens reacted to the anxiety created by the crisis. The implications are normatively troubling, as politicians seem to have reaped benefits from disruptions in public service delivery.     

Exploring Aggregate vs. Relative Public Trust in Administrative Agencies that Manage Spent Nuclear Fuel in the United States

Trust is a key component of democratic decision‐making and becomes even more salient in highly technical policy areas, where the public relies heavily on experts for decision making and on the information provided by federal agencies. Research to date has not examined whether the members of the public place different levels of trust in the various agencies that operate within the same policy subsystem, especially in a highly technical subsystem such as that of nuclear energy and waste management. This paper explores public trust in multiple agencies operating within the same subsystem, trust in each agency relative to aggregate trust across agencies that operate within the nuclear waste subsystem, and trust in alternative agencies that have been suggested as possible players in the decision‐making process. We find that trust accorded to different federal agencies within the nuclear waste subsystem varies. The variation in trust is systematically associated with multiple factors, including basic trust in government, perceptions about the risks and benefits of nuclear energy/waste management, party identification, and education. These findings have significant implications for research on public trust in specific government agencies, alternative policy entities, and for policy makers who want to design robust and successful policies and programs in highly technical policy domains.     

A Longue Durée Approach to the Role of Civil Society in the Uprisings against Authoritarianism in the Arab world

Abstract

This article will show how a ‘new history’, inspired from longue durée approaches, can be methodologically applied, and how it equips us with analytical tools that improve our capacity to understand the long-term changes that fostered the civil society-based resistance in the Arab world. Although we cannot predict the exact timing of such resistance efforts, the application of the longue durée method provides us with tools that help us understand why and how the many uprisings transpired. This complements, and partly contrasts with, most previous research, which had its main focus on discussion of short-term factors that were claimed to have caused the Arab mass-mobilized resistance in 2010–2011. The article draws upon and intends to contribute to the theoretical debate on contentious politics within social movement research, resistance studies, and civil society-driven democratization research.     

Winners and losers: Conflict management through strategic policy engagement

In high-conflict policy debates, individuals often make strategic decisions about the ways in which they engage in efforts to influence the direction of the debate. Some individuals act to expand the scope of the conflict, whereas others would prefer to contain the scope of the conflict and maintain status quo. This study empirically examines the relationship between activities of political engagement and goals of conflict expansion or containment in a particular setting in which there are clear “winners” and “losers.” This research first explores the tactics an individual undertakes as either conflict expansion or containment. The patterns uncovered are then tested against sectoral affiliation, to draw conclusions about key factors that explain some variation in policy engagement. Findings confirm that there are predictable patterns to engagement decisions, paving the way for future testing in different policy arrangements.     

Kapitalmarktinformationshaftung der Aktiengesellschaft und Kapitalerhaltungsgrundsatz (1. Teil)

Die AG treffen im Kapitalmarktrecht Informationspflichten gegenüber ihrem Aktion?r. Die Bandbreite dieser Pflichten reicht von der Information des Anlegers als des künftigen Aktion?rs durch den Emissions- bzw B?rsezulassungsprospekt bei der Aktienemission bis zuden laufenden b?rserechtlichen Informationspflichten der AG (Ad-hoc-Publizit?t, Beteiligungspublizit?t, Regelpublizit?t). Allen diesen Informationspflichten ist gemeinsam, dass (ua) die AG als Emittentin für ihre Verletzung haftet. Aus der Haftung resultiert eine Schadenersatzleistung der AG an den Aktion?r. Leistungen der AG an ihren Aktion?r aber, die nicht in der Gewinnausschüttung oder der Verteilung des Liquidationserl?ses bestehen, sind nach § 52 AktG (Verbot der Einlagenrückgew?hr) unzul?ssig, soweit nicht eine im AktG selbst normierte Ausnahme vom Verbot des § 52 AktG greift (zB zul?ssiger Erwerb eigener Aktien, § 65 AktG). Der vorliegende Aufsatz widmet sich der seit mehr als 100 Jahren streitigen und jüngst durch eine Entscheidung des BGH wieder aktuell gewordenen Frage, wie dieser Konflikt zwischen der kapitalmarktrechtlichen Informationshaftung der AG und dem Verbot des § 52 AktG zu l?sen ist.     

Lay Public or Experts? e‐Participation in Authorization for GMO Products in the European Union

In the European Union, for the first time, lay people can participate directly in the procedure of assessment of GMO (genetically modified organisms) products, an exercise normally reserved for scientists and legal experts. What makes this a unique strategy of participation is that for each single application for authorization, lay people have the opportunity to express their views. This article presents the result of the first in‐depth analysis of this type of Internet participatory exercise in the first years of its implementation. It shows that, despite generally participatory technology assessment aims at deliberative consensus on technical questions, this forum is instead a way to expose the work of regulative authorities to public scrutiny and to express dissent and opposition to the European Commission policy on GMOs.     

Gebrauch einer zuvor entfremdeten Kreditkarte

Wird die entfremdete Kreditkarte zur Begehung eines Betrugs verwendet, so verdr?ngt die Strafbarkeit nach §§ 146, 147 Abs 1 Z 1 zweiter Fall StGB das Delikt nach § 241e Abs 1 StGB. Wird hingegen die entfremdete Kreditkarte zur Erlangung von Leistungen aus einem Automaten verwendet, so besteht echte Konkurrenz zwischen § 127 StGB und § 241e Abs 1 StGB.