Evaluating the Violence Prevention Program: group and individual changes in aggression,anger, self-control,and empathy

While youth violence reduction program is a necessity to prevent long-term criminal and violent offending, its effectiveness in youth violent offenders is not well researched. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Violence Prevention Program (VPP) in addressing the aggression, anger, self-control, and empathy of youth violent offenders. One hundred and seventy youths (mean age 15.8 years) who completed VPP from 2008 to 2014 completed self-report measures on study outcomes both before and after the intervention. Repeated measures analyses revealed significant improvement in youths’ anger, aggression, and self-control at post-treatment, but changes in youths’ empathy were not significant. Subsequent analysis found that only youths with lower empathy scores at pre-treatment showed significant increase in empathy post-treatment. Overall, the results suggest that VPP can reduce aggression and mitigate the criminogenic needs of youth offenders. But its effect on empathy may be contingent on youths’ pre-treatment profiles. Limitations and implications for future studies are discussed.     

“I’ll stop procrastinating now!” Fostering specific processes of self-regulated learning to reduce academic procrastination

ABSTRACT

Academic procrastination is considered to be a result of self-regulation failure having detrimental effects on students’ well-being and academic performance. In the present study, we developed and evaluated a group training that aimed to reduce academic procrastination. We based the training on a cyclical process model of self-regulated learning, thus, focusing on improving deficient processes of self-regulated learning among academic procrastinators (e.g., time management, dealing with distractions). The training comprised five sessions and took place once a week for 90?min in groups of no more than 10 students. Overall, 106 students completed the training. We evaluated the training using a comprehensive control group design with repeated measures (three points of measurement); the control group was trained after the intervention group’s training. The results showed that our training was successful. The trained intervention group significantly reduced academic procrastination and improved specific processes of self-regulated learning (e.g., time management, concentration), whereas the untrained control group showed no change regarding these variables. After the control group had also been trained, the control group also showed the expected favorable changes. The students rated the training overall as good and found it recommendable for procrastinating friends. Hence, fostering self-regulatory processes in our intervention was a successful attempt to support students in reducing academic procrastination. The evaluation of the training encourages us to adapt the training for different groups of procrastinators.     

建立案件质量评估体系的构想

防止错案发生的重要途径之一,就是要尽快建立案件质量评估体系.确立适应检察权特点的侦查和审查案件的质量评估原则;建立科学、合理、客观、规范、适度的案件质量评估标准;建立相应的制约机制和激励机制,确保评估体系良性运转.通过推进案件质量的目标化管理,提高办案水平,实现在诉讼环节中冤、假、错案的自我纠正.     

确保与提高大学教育质量--日本的视角

在概括日本大学改革宏观背景和动力的基础上,分析了20世纪90年代初期以来不同阶段相关改革政策与实践的变化,总结并探讨了国立大学教育质量保证与提高的基本类型及特点.文章还探讨了上述政策与评估制度对大学教育质量保证和提高产生的影响及问题.在结论部分,文章指出,20世纪90年代初期以来日本大学有关教育质量保证和提高的政策变化不仅受到这一时期国内和国际大背景的影响,而且还受到国立大学传统、内在特点以及现有内部管理结构和方式等的影响.此外,由于目前有关大学教育质量保证和提高的政策实际上是大学和政府合作或冲突、调和的结果,政府和大学仍对目前的政策和质量保证体系的操作产生直接影响,因此,目前大力提倡的第三者评价制度是否可以真正从第三者的角度对日本大学教育质量进行评价等值得进一步探讨.最后,目前在制度层面由政府制定有关保证和提高大学教育质量的政策、呼吁其他利益集团、包括第三者参与评估、建立质量保障系统等非常必要和重要,但改变目前国立大学的内部管理结构和方式、激发教师的积极性、提高教师本身的素质等,对保证和提高教育质量更有决定性意义.     

未成年犯罪人个性调查与分析

采用艾森克个性问卷及自编基本情况调查表对395名未成年男犯进行调查,结果显示,未成年男犯的个性与其作案年龄、入所前身份、家庭住址以及父母的教养方式等方面密切相关。     

Comparing political futures: the rise and use of scenarios in future-oriented area studies

The predictive ability of scholars of politics has long been a subject of theoretical debate and methodological development. In theoretical debate, prediction represents a central issue regarding the extent to which the study of politics is scientific. In methodological development, much effort and resource have been devoted to a diverse range of predictive approaches, with varying degrees of success. Expectations that scholars forecast accurately come as much from the policy and media worlds as from the academy. Since the end of the Cold War, scenario development has become prevalent in future-oriented research by area studies scholars. This approach is long due critical re-assessment. For all its strengths as a policy tool, scenario development tends towards a bounded methodology, driving the process of anticipating futures along predetermined paths into a standardised range of options, and paying insufficient attention to theoretical and contextual understandings available within the relevant scholarly disciplines.     

现代行政诉讼法学的基本品格及其构建

现代社会的要求和司法改革的价值目标向我国现行行政诉讼法制及其赖以建构的理论基础和框架提出了全方位的挑战,构建符合时代要求的现代行政诉讼法学已势在必行。现代行政诉讼法学应是知识之学、智慧之学、精神之学;现代行政诉讼学的构建需要扩展行政诉讼法学的研究视域、更新行政诉讼法学的研究方法。     

乳牛布鲁氏菌病PCR诊断试剂盒的实验室评估

对前期研制的布鲁氏菌omp25基因-PCR试剂盒的保存期、特异性和可重复性进行了测定,并应用该试剂盒对采自宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古、山西、黑龙江、新疆省(区)的98头血清凝集试验(SAT)阳性乳牛的6批98份乳样和350头SAT阴性乳牛的2批350份乳样进行了检测。检测结果显示,PCR试剂盒与SAT的阳性符合率为100%(98/98),阴性符合率为97.71%(342/350);从SAT阴性乳牛的乳样中,用PCR试剂盒检出8份阳性,表明其敏感性高于SAT;对2株田间野毒Br-gs和Br-nmg株进行了克隆与测序,二者与标准菌株序列的同源性分别为99.8%和100%。试验结果证实,本试剂盒的可重复性良好,特异性较高,-20℃下的有效保存期为5个月。     

社会危害性与刑事违法性的关系的新解读

社会危害性是犯罪的本质特征这一刑法学命题,近年来受到学界许多学者的质疑与批判。质疑与批判的理由主要集中在社会危害性具有模糊性、易变性,社会危害性与刑事违法性之间存在着冲突,并会破坏罪刑法定原则。同时,有学者对社会危害性理论进行辩护和论证,但是仍未消除批判者们的疑虑。正确解读社会危害性与刑事违法的关系,仍是刑法理论研究的重大课题。社会危害性与刑事违法性的关系,不能脱离社会历史条件。在现代社会的条件下,刑事违法性是犯罪评价的基本标准,社会危害性是犯罪评价的限制性的补充标准。     

司法公正的逻辑解读

关于司法公正的理解存在两条迥异的逻辑思路:一种认为在司法活动中应当以追寻客观事实为出发点,以实现实体公正为目标,并以社会标准对司法公正与否进行评价;另一种则认为在司法活动中应当以法律事实作为逻辑起点,从而追求程序公正,并以法律标准对司法活动过程和结果进行评价。在比较这两种思路的基础上对司法公正进行后者意义上的解读。