转轨以来俄主要石油公司的状况及发展趋势

俄罗斯石油工业10年来走过了一条从国家垄断到放开市场、到无序竞争,又从无序竞争到国家调控、规范市场的道路,逐步走上了稳定发展的轨道。经过数年的市场整合,俄石油工业基本上形成了以十几家大石油公司为主、150家中小石油公司为辅的格局。未来,应改变目前的小石油公司过多,世界级石油公司太少的局面,必须实行联合,以便与世界石油巨头竞争。     

我国船舶油污损害赔偿案件的法律适用——以国内法和国际法的关系为中心

我国船舶油污损害赔偿案件在适用国内法或国际公约上存在明显的混乱,这表现在适用国际条约方面,采取的是一种以纳入适用与转化适用相结合的方式。就船舶油污损害赔偿事故而言,正确的做法应该是非涉外案件中的责任限制部分,适用我国《海商法》第11章的规定,其他部分适用《民法通则》、《海洋环境保护法》等;涉外案件,如果中国法没有规定,或者中国法的规定与中国参加的国际公约规定不一致,应当适用国际公约。     

潜在手印残留物中的油脂成分研究

潜在手印在现场上出现的频率较高,科学、合理地显现和提取现场手印对于认定犯罪具有重要意义。为了提高现场手印的提取率和利用率,有必要分析潜在手印残留物中油脂成分的变化(如鲨烯、十四酸、棕榈酸、十八酸、棕榈油酸、油酸成分的出现率及其含量随时间的变化等),为研究针对潜在手印油脂成分的专一性显现方法及分析潜在手印的物质成分、新旧程度等提供理论支持,进而提高现场潜在手印的提取率和显现率。     

油公司体制下的思想政治工作刍议

思想政治工作是企业的"生命线"。油公司模式下,市场化程度更深,对员工的思想素质、业务水平、心理素质要求更高,对思想政治工作的要求也更高。思想政治工作只有更加务实、细致、融入真情,把工作做活,才能更好地激发员工干事创业的热情,促进企业持续稳定和谐发展。     

俄罗斯石油公司发展历程及其与中国石油合作

俄罗斯石油公司是俄罗斯最大的国有石油公司。2012年末,它以560亿美元收购秋明—BP石油公司,预计交易在2013年上半年完成。完成收购后,俄罗斯石油公司即晋升为在产量和资源储量上全球最大的石油公司。此次收购将对俄罗斯乃至世界能源行业产生深远影响,并将促进中俄能源合作的开展。     

Oil Spill Causation and the Deepwater Horizon Spill

The April 20, 2010, BP Deepwater Horizon blowout riveted citizen and elected officials' attention on coastal oil spills in ways not seen since the ill‐fated 1989 Exxon Valdez crisis. A commonly voiced lament included why was the tragedy not prevented? Why the seemingly poor safety practices and who is to blame? Could a spill of such catastrophic proportion happen elsewhere in the future? Applying a spill prevention causation framework developed through the examination of other major near‐shore incidents over a 23‐year period, the author finds Deepwater Horizon exhibited a pattern of shortcomings evident in these other spills. These shortcomings are rooted in policy imperfections, a weak regulatory regime, organizational deviance in lieu of integrity, and interorganizational structure deficiencies.     

Understanding institutional change: Fiscal management in Local China

As China's economy continues to grow, it wants to expand its markets and secure reliable supplies of resources in support of its economic development. Resource diplomacy therefore becomes a prominent feature of its modernisation diplomacy. In turn, many African governments perceive political and economic ties with China to be an important asset, which strengthens their international bargaining power, especially vis-à-vis Western governments. African countries are also depicted as China's reliable political and economic partners, though one can hardly afford to be optimistic regarding Africa's peace and development in the future. Many small African governments have been switching diplomatic recognition between Taipei and Beijing for economic assistance too. Chinese leaders have no intention of engaging in diplomatic and strategic competition with the USA and the European Union in Africa, but they certainly will not co-operate with Western governments in helping Africa because they want to push for multipolarity.     

Russia's energy governance transitions and implications for enhanced cooperation with China,Japan, and South Korea

A Tokyo-based economist and a noted western economic geographer, both specializing in the hydrocarbon resources of Russia, apply the framework of governance studies in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of the recent changes in the country's energy policy-making. The authors argue that, unlike the international relations paradigm prevailing in studies of Russia's energy policy, the country's multiple roles in the international energy arena (as producer, consumer, exporter, importer, and transit state) warrant a more nuanced approach, reflecting Russian energy policy's flexibility over time and diversity across space. This paper endeavors, therefore, to apply a political economy and governance perspective to an understanding of the significant changes in Russia's energy policy-making regarding its dynamic energy relations with the Northeast Asia (NEA; China, Japan, and South Korea). In exploring the complex interactions between Russia's internal energy policy-making and its emerging energy relations in NEA, the authors addresses three key questions, namely: (1) how Russia's Asian energy policy corresponds to its domestic needs, (2) how much coherence in energy governance and cooperation exists between Russia and the Northeast Asian states at the institutional and organizational levels, and (3) the extent to which Russia's expectations for increased energy cooperation with the Northeast Asian states are likely to materialize.     

The Political Economy of National Debt Burdens, 1970–2000

Why did developing country governments find themselves mired in high debt by the end of the twentieth century? This paper develops a theoretical framework to understand the relationship between political institutions, resource wealth, and debt burdens. Hypotheses generated are tested on a time-series cross-section data set of developing countries from 1970–2000. Three main findings are reported: oil wealth has a positive relationship with debt; this relationship is weakly conditional on the country's regime type; and the relationship is independent of general commodity price volatility. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research for our understanding of the ‘resource curse.’     

白鸡屎藤挥发油抗肠炎沙门菌内毒素作用的分析

为了探讨白鸡屎藤挥发油抗肠炎沙门菌内毒素的作用,将420只7日龄三黄鸡随机分成A、B、C、D、E、F组并对A、B、C组鸡按100μg/mL(1mL)预防用药,在12日龄时对A、B、D、E组口服肠炎沙门菌攻毒,攻毒24h后对A、D组按100μg/mL白鸡屎藤挥发油1mL进行滴鼻给药治疗,同时将不同质量浓度的白鸡屎藤挥发油与内毒素混合对另外90只雏鸡进行肌肉注射攻毒,并进行试验鸡与攻毒鸡临床死亡情况统计、病理组织学观察和肝与血液生化指标测定。结果显示,白鸡屎藤挥发油对肠炎沙门菌内毒素具有灭活作用,可缓解血清ALT和AST活性的升高或使其降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),提升肝及血清中SOD的活性(P<0.01或P<0.05),使肝中MDA含量下降和延缓其升高。结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油具有抗肠炎沙门菌内毒素的作用,其机理与其保肝作用和抗氧化损伤作用有关。