关于学术不端行为确认问题的研究

目前对学术不端行为的定义仍十分混乱。＂反剽窃＂软件的应用为学术期刊初审提供了巨大帮助,然而软件不能代替人工,＂反剽窃＂软件的应用也带来了一些新的问题,如＂重合字数＂问题、＂过度引用＂问题、＂重复发表＂问题等,在进行学术不端行为确认时,应加以仔细辨别。     

Violent and Nonviolent Misconduct Among Female Inmates: An Exploration of Competing Theories

Extant literature on prison misconduct focuses primarily on male inmates or pooled samples of male and female inmates. Moreover, this research typically combines several types of misconduct into one global measure. To add to the literature, the current study gathered self-report data from over 300 female inmates to explore the impact of variables from three different theoretical perspectives upon four types of misconduct (i.e., physical assaults, nonviolent sexual activity, drug/alcohol, and property). Results show that importation and social control variables predict all types of misconduct, whereas deprivation variables provided some modest support for sexual misconduct and property misconduct.     

Police use of excessive force: Does the race of the suspect influence citizens' perceptions?

Instances of excessive force by police officers, most notably the Rodney King incident in Los Angeles and the Malice Green fatality in Detroit, suggest that the race of the suspect may influence the decision to use excessive force. If police practices are simply a reflection of the expectations of larger society, then it follows that citizens' evaluations of police brutality toward minorities might reflect this sentiment. As part of a larger study focusing on the exploration of police misconduct, a telephone survey containing 16 vignettes was developed, each vignette described a separate type of misconduct in which a hypothetical officer was involved. Of these 16 vignettes, 3 described the misconduct of excessive force and are analyzed for the present study. A random sample of 992 Ohio citizens were surveyed. The hypothesis that citizens in general assign significantly lower seriousness scores to excessive force on African Americans and Hispanics than on whites was tested. Our hypothesis was not supported. Instead, we found evidence to suggest that the behavior of the suspect during the arrest and the behavior of the police officer are much more significant correlates of citizens' perceptions of police use of excessive force than is the race of the suspect.     

论美国检察官的起诉不当

美国检察官在司法实践中存在一些起诉不当的做法,危害极大。美国检察官起诉不当行为的出现原因多元化,其中最为突出的因素有三。目前,美国正积极地推动从三个方面入手来遏止检察官的起诉不当行为。我国也存在一些类似的问题,认真地审视美国的问题可以为中国问题的解决提供一些思路。     

社会转型期荣辱失范的原因及治理对策

当前我国存在着一定范围和层面的荣辱失范,这虽然不是主流,但问题也相当严重。     

Comparing Methods for Examining Relationships Between Prison Crowding and Inmate Violence

Studies of empirical relationships between indicators of prison crowding and inmate violence have uncovered null, negative, and positive relationships. These mixed findings may be due, in part, to cross‐study differences in definitions of crowding, levels of analysis, and sample designs. We compared findings across some of the more popular approaches to study the relationship between facility crowding and the prevalence of inmate assaults in order to determine the implications of different methods for variation in estimates. Multi‐level data from a national sample of 10,022 men confined in 203 state correctional facilities during 1997 were examined. Findings revealed differences across methods in the direction and significance of the crowding/assault relationship. These differences were then considered in order to derive a strategy for more uniform research on the topic. This strategy consists of including both total inmate population and design capacity as separate predictors in the same model, examination of tri‐level data (inmates, facilities, and states) in order to control compositional differences in inmate populations across facilities and to remove confounding state‐level differences in crowding levels and assault rates, and more careful consideration of secondary analyses of complex samples with sample weights.     

Time's Up

This study tests general strain theory among a sample of 216 incarcerated women. Incarcerated women cope with many strains in prison. They frequently rely on social support from other inmates as coping mechanisms. Some even form pseudofamilies. Such relationships may impact the level of strain and negative emotions these women experience and the misconduct they engage in. The purpose of this study is to explore what relationship (if any) exists between strain, anger, depression, institutional misconduct, and pseudofamily membership. Findings suggest limited support for general strain theory and highlight the importance of women's past victimizations and impulsivity in predicting their misconduct.     

渎职侵权犯罪黑数研究

当前,渎职侵权犯罪黑数大量存在,主要有法律规定固有的缺陷、侦查模式落后、执法体制不顺等方面的原因,目前以立案数、起诉率作为衡量工作业绩的主要标准也间接助长了犯罪黑数的增加。     

徇私枉法罪的司法认定——以一起案例的实证分析为视角

利用职务之便应是徇私枉法罪在客观上的必然要求, "利用职务上的便利"仅指利用行使职权时的便利条件,不行使职权时就不存在利用职务上的便利条件. "徇私"仅指为个人谋取私利,不包括为单位或小团体谋取利益.     

GROWTH AND QUALITY OF U.S. PRIVATE PRISONS: EVIDENCE FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY*

Research Summary: Private prisons incarcerate 5.3% of the sentenced, adult population in the United States. The present study presents selected results from a 1999 survey of administrators who monitored private prisons in the United States (or U.S. territories). Among the findings of interest, the private sector experienced significant problems with staff turnover, escapes, and drug use. Where possible, private prison operations were compared with those of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Policy Implications: Given the issues raised here with public safety, public sector agencies contracting for private prisons need to develop incentives or other means to ensure that private sector operators retain experienced custody staff.