工会组织在社会保障制度建设中的角色定位

工会组织是由劳动者组成的代表其利益的社会组织,在维护劳动者合法权益、争取劳动者正当权利等方面发挥着极其重要的作用。社会保障制度是促进社会稳定发展、保障社会公平的一项福利制度,是包括劳动者在内的全体公民应该享有的权利。随着社会保障制度的发展和工会组织的壮大,工会组织越来越多地介入社会保障制度,尤其是在社会保障制度逐渐完善的今天。我国社会保障制度的快速发展要求作为劳动者利益代表的工会组织要确定自己的努力方向,充分扮演好推动者、维护者、监督者、咨询者等社会角色,做好劳动者的坚强后盾。     

宋、明、清对黄河上游的军事布防

黄河上游番地民族众多,环境复杂,宋明清三朝在此均布有重兵,但由于力量对比、地理形势及对此地区的控制力度的不同,而呈现出不同的布防特点：如北宋时期的纵深防御、明朝的线性防御以及清朝在枢纽重镇的驻兵.此地的军事形势虽不足以构成各朝的心腹之疾,但仍是长期牵扯各朝国力的重要因素.     

International Integration and Democratization: An Event History Analysis

This article examines the relationships between transitions to and from democracy and membership in major intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), ratification of key human-rights treaties, and integration into the global economy while controlling for a variety of domestic factors. The findings show that for the most part, participation in the major IGOs and the United Nations' human-rights regime has made little difference to the chances that countries would attempt or sustain democracy. Participation in regional human-rights treaties in Africa and the Americas is linked to better prospects for democracy, but this association appears to stem from regional trends of which those pacts are emblematic, rather than mechanisms specific to the pacts themselves. Finally, entanglement in the global economy – as indicated by thicker trade flows and membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and then World Trade Organization (WTO) – seems to have had a stronger effect on the prospects for democracy than these other forms of international integration, but not always in the beneficent direction posited by liberal theorists. While participation in the GATT/WTO is associated with better prospects for the establishment and persistence of democracy, foreign trade itself is linked to the persistence of domestic political regimes of either stripe, democratic and non-democratic.     

Party “capacity” in new democracies: how executive format affects the recruitment of presidents and prime ministers

Scholars and practitioners express concern that parties in “third wave” democracies are poorly developed, compared to parties in older democracies. We suggest that parties vary in their organizational “capacity”, focusing on parties' ability to select trustworthy executive agents. Capacity is higher where parties can vet potential executive talent by observing future leaders over time in the legislature – an increasingly available option as democracy matures. The key distinction in parties' use of this option lies in the delegation structure between a party and the executive. Parliamentary systems offer a clear line of delegation, which parties control. In presidential systems, parties must recruit executive candidates who can win a popular election, requiring characteristics that may not be well correlated with those that make them good party agents. As parliamentary democracy matures, we find a steady increase in prime ministers' average length of prior legislative service. For presidents, there is significantly weaker growth in prior legislative service. We also theorize about and investigate patterns in semi-presidential democracies. Our findings suggest that the institutional format of the executive is more important for party capacity in new democracies than the era in which a democracy was born.     

Frontline Problem Solvers: The Structuring of Frontline Service Work

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the role of frontline employees in organizing public service delivery. Combining inspiration from organizational institutionalism and social theory of practice, this study offers an integrative understanding of frontline agency in organizational dynamics during the institutionalization of a public sector reform. Findings are presented from an ethnographic field study of frontline employees' strategies of adopting new structures of service work during the institutionalization of a public reform. The study illustrates how frontline actions provide the basis for both stability and change in the structures through which frontline work is organized. The agency exerted by frontline employees in institutionalization of reforms may have both equilibrating effects as well as deepen the gaps between the public sector and the public served.     

The Causal Relationships among Transformational Leadership,Organizational Commitment,and Employee Effectiveness

This study investigates the structural relationships among transformational leadership practices, organizational commitment, and employee effectiveness. Path analysis was used to understand the direct and indirect effects of four transformational leadership components, three organizational commitment types, and two employee effectiveness types. The results indicated that transformational leadership, especially as regards idealization influence and inspiration motivation components, directly enhances employees' extra-role behaviors and indirectly enhance employees' desire to stay in an organization through internalization, identification, and exchange organization commitments.     

检察官起诉裁量权的外部控制及其反思——以国际刑事诉讼为视角

在国际刑事诉讼中,检察官起诉裁量权的外部控制不可或缺,而单纯的外部控制却凸显范围有限、效果不佳、成本高昂等局限与不足。与单纯的外部控制相比,内部控制具有主动性、自律性的特点,且这种内部监督和控制的限度还与国际刑事法治的境界相契合。在当前检察官的起诉裁量权广泛存在且业已渗入非缔约国司法领域的情况下,只有将基于内外因辩证关系原理指导下的双重控制有机结合起来,才能防范裁量权滥用,促进实现裁量正义,保证国际刑事诉讼中检察官裁量权的公正行使。     

农村社会组织发育及其作用研究——以安徽省凤台县钱庙社区理事会为例

该文考察钱庙社区理事会这一社会组织的产生、发育、结构和作用,总结农村社会组织的工作成效及其借鉴意义,认为乡村民主及社会组织对维系中国社会稳定有多方面的贡献,社区理事会是基层社会组织的一个创新,也是农民参与公共管理一条重要渠道,其模式值得推广。     

对完善民事检察办案规则的思考——以民事诉讼法修改为视角

民事检察办案规则是民事检察办案工作的行为规范和程序指引,其在我国发展起步较晚,在立法上存在不少缺陷,在司法实践中还有较多矛盾和空白,因此完善民事检察办案规则具有其必要性.要进一步完善民事检察办案规则的基本原则,健全民事检察办案规则的体系,充实民事检察调查权制度和完善民事检察办案程序.