Legislative Transparency and Credit Risk

Open governance requirements are designed to improve accountability, which implies that transparent governments are more trustworthy stewards of their publicly invested power. However, transparency may also reduce institutional effectiveness and inhibit political compromise, diminishing the capacity to manage resources responsibly. We assess empirical support for these competing perspectives in the context of American state legislatures, many of which have become exempt from state sunshine laws in recent decades. We leverage variation in the timing of these legislative exemptions to identify the effect of removing transparency in a crucial governing institution on investors’ risk perceptions of states’ general obligation bonds. Our analysis of these data during the period 1995–2010 suggests that removing legislative transparency reduces state credit risk. We conclude that while openness in government may be normatively desirable, shielding legislative proceedings from public view may actually be better for states’ debt repayment capacity, improving their overall fiscal health.     

论我国历史上对性交易的法律管制

我国法律对性交易的打击虽非常严厉,但性交易却屡禁不止,并愈演愈烈.可见,我国现行的严禁主义存在问题.纵观我国历史大多数时期,性交易是合法的,并且性交易合法时期往往是社会环境比较宽松的时期,也往往是历史上的“盛世”之时.而性交易非法时期也往往是法律环境比较苛刻、社会控制比较严厉的时期.这样的时期里对性交易的管制往往就是严刑峻法,通过这样的管制也往往造成统治者不愿意看到的结果,并且最终都会放开对性交易的管制.     

环境行政许可的八个立法原则

在现代社会,许可证制度是防范环境风险最主要的法律制度。目前,学界对行政许可的一般立法原则(法律保留原则、便民效率原则、信赖保护原则、公开公平原则等)探讨甚多,而对环境行政许可具有自身特色的立法原则探讨较少。环境行政许可具有风险品性、科技背景、利益权衡、代际平衡、国际关联等五个特征,因此,环境行政许可的立法,除了须遵循行政许可的一般立法原则外,还须遵循预防、谨慎行事、合理开发利用、污染者负担、科技促进、公众参与、协同合作、国家环境资源主权与不损害国外环境等八个立法原则。这八个原则对具体制度的建构均有明确的要求,并在特定情况下使许可举证责任发生转移。     

恢复性行刑犯罪控制功能论

犯罪与被害之间的密切关系使得关注被害人成为控制犯罪的一重要途径.而恢复性司法这一缘起功能成为恢复性行刑具备犯罪控制功能的内在原因.恢复性行刑不但能使施控者与一般社会主体在与被控者互动交流中淡化犯罪标签作用,还可实现管理信息与反馈信息在施控者与被控者之间的双向交流,提高司法控制功能.开放性的恢复性行刑模式通过培育服刑人员...     

Sensory speculations:Visual discourse and the vision of visuality

It is now commonplace within the discipline of art history and visual culture to speak to theories of vision and visuality. Recent questions concerning the subject of vision, sexed positionalities and discourses of viewing are indebted to theories of visuality, which now occupy a privileged place within the study of visual culture. Theories of visuality have revealed both the terms of cultural visibilities and significantly the how of what we see. And yet despite this engagement of the opacity and duplicity of the visual, recent work into visuality has been plagued by a re‐occurring myopia regarding the corporeal This oversight within the visibilites of visual discourse is the unchallenged idea of a ‘human vision’ within the social constructivist project. In this article I assess how this universal operates as the matter for theories of visuality and of the ramifications of this for the project of the critique of vision.     

对精神控制者及其家庭提供心理支持的思考

被破坏性膜拜团体精神控制受害者的心理成长工作，在西方国家被一些学者称为“脱教”，这个过程是一个人心理成长的重要阶段。成长是人一生的课题，一个人的成长必须靠自身的觉醒和努力，拒绝成长单靠外界的压力，是很难实现成长的。因此，这是一项涉及许多方面、非常艰难的工作。这里仅从完善家庭支持系统与被破坏性膜拜团体精神控制受害者的心理成长的角度提出我们的一些看法。     

我国黑社会性质组织犯罪防控对策的反思与调整

我国自改革开放以来已经开展了三次全国性的专项斗争，但是一味地强调从重从快惩治黑社会犯罪分子，而没有其他的衔接性预防措施，从长远来看并非治理良策。因此，借鉴国内外的经验和教训，我们有必要重新认识黑社会犯罪的发展规律，在黑社会性质组织犯罪防治对策上应坚持“四个结合”的策略，并加强标本对策的研究。     

我国创业板初创期市场风险识别与防控初探——以海外创业板经验教训为借鉴

从对海外典型的成功或失败的创业板市场经验教训的分析总结来看,创业板初创期的市场是充满风险的.初创期风险的成功解决与否与创业板最终的命运存在着明显的关联.因此,对创业板初创期风险及时地识别、合理地防控成为我国创业板当前阶段应该重点关注的问题.     

论回应公民需求的治安调解

治安调解制度本身的内在悖论使这一制度在立法上和实施上存在诸多缺陷,其正当性也屡受学界质疑。从行为主义法学的视角及经验研究出发,可知不同的社会群体对纠纷解决渠道的选择偏好也呈现多元性,公民需求正是治安调解正当性的基石。回应公民需求的治安调解应变更警察的治安调解权力为公民权利,以此为基础重塑治安调解的法律效力,并建立警察治安调解的内部考核机制,以保障治安调解的良好实施。     

Prediction of violent and sexual offences: A replication study of the VRAG in Switzerland

Abstract

The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is a widely used actuarial risk assessment instrument and has been validated in different countries. However, there is no investigation supporting the predictive accuracy of the VRAG in the German language area. The VRAG scores of 79 violent and sexual offenders in Switzerland were assessed based on data from their psychiatric expert opinions. The VRAG scores were compared to subsequent recidivism as shown in the official criminal records. Consistent with past research in the English language area, the VRAG yielded a satisfying predictive accuracy (ROC area = .73), demonstrating its usefulness for risk assessment of violent delinquency in the Swiss cultural and German language area.