从汶川地震看国际援助

我国汶川大地震发生后，各国政府、各国组织都纷纷向我国提供了资金和物资援助，同时我国政府也积极接受来自国际社会的援助。此次国际援助的主要特点是：援助国家和国际组织多、援助款物数量大和援助速度快，它体现了国际援助在当代国际中的独特作用和地位，也体现了国际社会合作精神的共识。所以说，这次对华援助是国际援助领域中一个成功的范例。     

LETTERS

正People with good sense all agree that China has grown stronger in terms of innovation,though it is indisputable that globally the country still ranks well below the top-tier innovators.On this issue,attention always focuses on research institutions and industries,which stand at the forefront of innovative ideas and practices.In fact,we need to examine the upper streams of creativity–in education.June is exam season:9th graders take the exam to enter senior     

六四式手枪弹壳发射顺序的研究

目的　研究六四式手枪射击弹壳的排序规律。方法　对已知顺序实弹射击取样 ,显微观察弹壳上发射过程中形成的痕迹 ,通过统计、归纳 ,从中发现与排序有关的痕迹特征 ,及其与发射顺序之间的关系。结果　研究发现 ,因子弹发射顺序不同 ,弹壳上出现的抛壳挺痕的高低 ,弹底边缘压擦痕的有无轻重 ,推弹突笋痕迹的形状位置与发射顺序有关。结论　根据抛壳挺等痕迹的具体形态 ,及变化特点 ,可判断出六四手枪弹壳的发射顺序。     

入室盘查嫌疑人之战术研究

盘查战术是警察在执行公务、侦查违法犯罪案件时经常使用的战术之一。如果战术运用得当,常常能成功地破获大案、要案。文章介绍了警察在对居室、公共和娱乐场所进行盘查时,应该根据不同的情况,对空间进行有效的"占位",与嫌疑人之间形成合理的"站位",以利于执法实践,提高执法水平,减少伤亡。     

The Effect of Competency Restoration Training on Defendants with Mental Retardation Found Not Competent to Proceed

The present investigation focused on the reevaluations of competency to stand trial (CST) of 75 criminal defendants with mental retardation (MR) who were originally found incompetent and who were referred for treatment. The effect of competency restoration training was examined. Site of training was also investigated. Because habilitation facilities are specially designed to help individuals with MR, it was suspected that training at habilitation centers would have a greater effect on restoration of defendants with MR than the training at state hospitals. Results showed that significantly more defendants did not gain competency following training than those who did. Analysis revealed that (a) higher IQ and (b) being African American rather than Caucasian American were predictive of restoration. When discriminating factors were held constant, site of training did not significantly affect competency restoration. Possible explanations for this finding were discussed.     

缓刑罪犯收监的法律适用问题

司法实践中,各地对缓刑罪犯涉嫌新罪、漏罪收监的诉讼程序不统一,对缓刑犯违法违规收监执行标准不一致,为减少执法中的混乱,发挥缓刑制度惩治犯罪的应有功能,实现其价值,文章作者结合工作实践,提出缓刑罪犯收监的程序设计与实体标准。对缓刑罪犯又涉嫌新罪、漏罪的,诉讼程序应采取直接刑事拘留、逮捕。准确把握缓刑罪犯违法违规收监执行标准,关键在于界定缓刑罪犯行为的社会危害性,而重点在于考察其行为的主观恶性程度,并提出“一次劳动教养、二次治安拘留、三次违反监管规定”的收监标准。缓刑罪犯违法违规被羁押的,收监裁定的刑期不应对此期限予以折抵。     

An Investigation of the Construct of Competence: A Comparison of the FIT,the MacCAT-CA,and the MacCAT-T

The 1990s witnessed Supreme Court decisions in both Canada and the United States on issues of competence that went against longstanding case law, psychological research, and common sense. These decisions held that there is to be one standard for all types of criminal competencies. The present research attempts to investigate whether this is an appropriate assumption and thus tests whether there are one or more constructs that underlie different types of competence. Two divergent types of competence were examined, competence to stand trial (both Canadian and American conceptualizations) and competence to consent to treatment, to determine if these different types of competence share a common underlying construct. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test this question and results indicate that there is a common construct that underlies different types of competence.     

受审能力探析

受审能力是被告人接受法庭审判的能力。我国对受审能力的研究还处于起步阶段,立法上还有许多空白之处。本文从评定标准、提起、确认与法律后果等方面对受审能力进行了探讨。     

行政处罚上的空白要件及其补充规则

应受行政处罚行为的成立要件包括构成要件的该当性、违法性及有责性三个判定标准，其中构成要件是指法律规范中规定违法行为特征的各种条款。在由自由法治国向社会法治国的转变过程中，经常会出现将违法行为交由其他规范予以描述的空白要件。我国行政处罚法第二章并不能限定空白构成要件的创设，现实中的空白要件设定也欠缺明确性，这在一定程度上是对处罚法定原则的破坏。因此，需要运用诸如“保护行政法益的必要性和等同性规则”、“授权明确性规则”、“第二次禁止规则”等约束机制，对空白要件的创设与补充加以规范。     

刑法解释立场的历史考察——主观解释论之提倡

刑法解释经历了从主观解释论到客观解释论的演进过程,现阶段,从世界范围来看,客观解释论正成为一种有力的学说。在不同的历史时期,主观解释论与客观解释论所处的地位并不相同,在经历了罪刑擅断、人治统治的历史之后,人们对立法者充满了无限的期待,体现在刑法解释上就是要求坚持主观解释论。而当法治的进程进一步推进,人们已经不满足于法律的安定性,还要求法律实质上的公平、公正。联系社会发展以揭示法律内涵,遵守成文法不囿于文字本身的刑法解释客观论,遂成为刑法解释论上的特色。从历史的角度看,法治理念、法官素质、刑法实施的时间与刑法解释立场的选择具有密切的关系。我国是经历了几千年的人治统治的国家,法治建设才刚刚起步,法官素质还有待于进一步提高,刑法实施仅十余年,这要求我国在刑法解释上应采主观解释论。