从《道路交通安全法》看我国车辆管理制度的完善

车辆与驾驶人管理是公安机关实施道路交通安全管理的一个重要内容,是公安管理各项业务当中群众性最强的一项工 作。因此,应从车辆的登记制度、牌证制度、驾驶证制度、累积记分制度、安全检验制度、第三者责任强制保险制度、驾驶证审验制度和 强制报废制度等八项基本制度管理入手,使车辆与驾驶人管理工作更有效地服务广大人民群众,服务于我国的公安工作大局和现代 化经济建设。     

中外跨境行驶车辆管理之比较

车辆跨境行驶是加强与周边国家和地区经贸往来、密切周边关系的必然结果,大陆与香港车辆跨境行驶的现行相关政策在一些方面已不能适应当前的需要,为此提出了取消现行配额限制、改变香港道路通行规则、采用车辆自动过关系统等一系列改革建议。     

解决道路交通事故损害赔偿难的有效途径

道路交通事故损害赔偿中,机动车之间,机动车与非机动车驾驶人、行人之间发生道路交通事故这两类事故,在司法实践中面临损害赔偿难的困惑。主要原因是责任人赔偿能力有限、双方难达成共识、道路交通肇事逃逸增多。增强保险意识,实现道路事故车辆风险转移,提高赔付能力,完善道路交通事故损害赔偿立法工作和执行制度,启动诉前财产保全制度和社会救助基金制度,加大司法救助力度是解决这一难题的有效途径。     

Plank fence penetration into automobiles-implications for prevention initiatives

The wooden plank fence presents a deadly but unrecognized hazard to motorists. We hypothesize that fence plank injury is prevalent and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Databases of the University of Kentucky's Level I Trauma Center and the Fayette County Coroner were retrospectively analyzed over a 12-year period (1995-2006). One hundred and twenty-eight subjects were involved in vehicle contact with wooden plank fences. One hundred and twenty-three subjects were evaluated at the Emergency Department of our trauma center; 35 (27%) had a patient-plank interaction (PPI). Men (30/35) were more frequently involved (86%), and average age was 32.8 years. Thirty-two (91%) were drivers; 14/35 (40%) died from PPI-related injuries. The most common cause of death was blunt head trauma in 13 of these 14 fatally injured subjects (93%). This study provides new data underscoring the frequency, lethality, and economic consequences of this injury mechanism. Further research is needed to quantify the national prevalence of this problem and develop injury-mitigating strategies pertaining to roadway or fence design.     

Different Mechanisms of Decapitation: Three Classic and One Unique Case History

Abstract: Three classic cases and one exceptional case are reported. The unique case of decapitation took place in a traffic accident, while the others were seen after homicide, vehicle‐assisted suicide, and after long‐jump hanging. Thorough scene examinations were performed, and photographs from the scene were available in all cases. Through the autopsy of each case, the mechanism for the decapitation in each case was revealed. The severance lines were through the neck and the cervical vertebral column, except for in the motor vehicle accident case, where the base of skull was fractured. This case was also unusual as the mechanism was blunt force. In the homicide case, the mechanism was the use of a knife combined with a saw, while in the two last cases, a ligature made the cut through the neck. The different mechanisms in these decapitations are suggested.     

交通事故中车辆安全技术状况检验及典型案例车速计算

目的 针对导致交通事故的各种原因就车辆因素进行了较详细的分析.方法 对进行车辆技术状况检验的着手方面、要点做了相关分析并结合相关实例进行举例分析,对造成事故中的关键因素车速的计算及计算方法做了简要讨论.结果 总结了进行整车配置、制动系统、转向系统、汽车灯光与信号系统与轮胎检验时需注意的要点.根据车速计算方法,得出一起追尾事故中某货车在事发时未达到高速公路最低限速的鉴定结论.结论 进行车辆安全技术状况检验时,需注意相关要点,以尽量避免道路交通事故的发生.     

利用车辆动力性原理计算事故车车速误差的探究

目的高速公路上追尾事故时有发生,事故责任判定常要求鉴定被追尾车的车速,尤其对超载货车的车速鉴定。方法本文利用车辆动力性与车速的关系对发生追尾事故的事故车车速计算问题进行了研究。结果应用此法明确了功率平衡方程中主要参数的不同取值对最终车速计算误差的不同影响程度。结论研究表明,滚动阻力系数与坡度两者的取值误差对车速计算结果影响明显,应予高度重视。     

车外人员撞击伤特点分析

目的以真实案例为基础,研究汽车碰撞事故中,不同机动车车型、不同交通方式等因素造成车外人员撞击伤的特征。方法选取上海地区发生的汽车与车外人员碰撞事故案例200例,通过对事故中的人、车等检验对比,分析车外人员撞击伤的特点。结果车外人员撞击伤主要出现在下肢,其次为胸部和头部;行人（含推车人）撞击伤出现频次与骑车人（含自行车或摩托车后座乘员）无明显差异;小轿车和小客车事故中撞击伤多见于下肢,大客车多见于胸部;车外人员被撞击后发生抛甩频率随车速的加大而增高,且通过车体痕迹检验,人体与车辆挡风玻璃发生（二次）撞击伤匹配程度最高。结论分析汽车与车外人员碰撞事故人体撞击伤特点,对于交通伤法医学鉴定及深化交通伤机制研究具有参考价值。     

车辆部件损坏与事故关系的技术鉴定

目的通过一起交通事故车辆转向器总成损坏与事敞关系鉴定的案例,介绍如何对车辆部件损坏情况与事故发生是否有关进行技术鉴定。方法从痕迹学、车辆工程学等方面,对提供的检材进行检验,根据检验结果,结合转向器总成构造及工作原理,对事故车辆转向器损坏与事故关系进行综合分析。结果排除了事故车辆因转向器故障而诱发事故的可能性。结论道路交通事故车辆部件损坏与事故关系鉴定需要多学科、多专业的技术支撑。     

警用领域无人机应用的现状分析和前景预测

什么是无人机?无人机究竟可以做什么,它有何价值?现代社会,无人机可以被看作是代替人类完成空中作业的平台,结合不同搭载平台,可以完成不同领域的应用要求。无人机的核心价值不在于无人机本身的运用,而是无人机+行业应用的结合。近年来,无人机在警用领域应用的范围越来越广阔、全面,因此研究无人机在警用领域怎么用以及如何用就显得至关重要。