网络交易的纠纷解决机制探析——基于民间法与国家法互补的视角

高风险一度是网络交易发展的瓶颈所在。近年来,网络交易平台发挥网络科技的优势,为交易者提供了一些独特的风险防范和纠纷解决机制,极大地促进了网络交易的发展规模。但此种民间型机制的局限和优势一样明显,未能有效＂定分止争＂。要真正保障网络交易的稳定发展,最大程度上解决交易纠纷,除进一步发展和规范民间型机制外,尚需对传统的官方型机制予以适当的＂网络化改造＂,最终形成两者的良性互补。     

Do multilingual androids dream of a better life in Australia? Effectiveness of information technology for government translation to support refugees and migrants in Australia

Without high‐quality translation of online information about government support and services, refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience a major barrier to improved health, employment, education and social outcomes. Recent advances in the ability of Google Translate, Skype Translator and other forms of machine translation that use artificial intelligence can help translate government information to better support refugees and migrants but they bring the risk of ineffective communication, and exclusion from services that could positively impact on settlement experiences and daily life. Evidence suggests that government agencies are likely to be using human translators for most translation work, but the degree to which any form of information technology is used, how it may be best applied and the associated effects are not known. This study systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed and grey literature to determine effective ways of using information technology for translating government information to refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Included studies were analysed to identify techniques and other characteristics of translation, information technology and language support more broadly, and outcomes on education, health, social and other refugee and migrant experiences relating to translated information. Our review found a small evidence base featuring studies with strong evaluation demonstrating effective forms of ‘language support’ for refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia in a broad sense. However, there is a major gap in knowledge that is contributing to barriers in the use of online government information in Australia. In particular, there is an absence of evidence demonstrating what is effective in the use of machine translation with artificial intelligence, websites and other kinds of information technology for translating government information with refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The oversight risks further excluding already marginalised groups from services and support. This paper makes a number of suggestions practitioners can take to address the issue and guidelines for future research.     

How virtual are virtual economies? An exploration into the legal, social and economic nature of virtual world economies

Virtual world economies are undoubtedly increasing in growth, participation and importance. Their macroeconomic impact has already been seen as important in the real world economies; however its governance and jurisdiction is unclear. This paper will argue that virtual economies are not actually as virtual as they first appear to be. Secondly the paper argues that because of the real world effects and impacts virtual world economies can have, they should be applicable to real world jurisdictions and regulations. The question that is therefore posed is in which jurisdiction should the legal backbone be placed? The paper will be divided into several parts. Firstly, a background of what virtual worlds are, and what they mean in linguistic definition. Secondly, a review of law economics and history shall be considered to determine that what is once considered ‘other worldly’ is accepted as the norm. Thirdly, the paper will consider a virtual world economy, namely that of Second Life to establish the real world impacts that virtual world economies can have. Fourthly, the paper will consider two case studies of financial crisis occurring in the virtual worlds and the synergies we can draw from the real world. Finally, the paper will conclude with the proposition that legal governance is required and will enable what is already a lucrative business to flourish further within the realms of possibility and not virtually.     

论网上证券委托错误的民事责任承担——以投资者利益保护为导向

当网上交易出现系统故障致使交易指令无法执行时,即发生网上证券委托错误,通常会引起利益纠纷,此时责任如何分担也就成为非常现实的问题。券商提供的符合现有法律的"在线交易协议书"和风险提示书存有大量的免责事由,而基于网络证券交易技术风险承担规则的考察则有缺乏正当化的依据。因此,要实现网上证券交易的持续发展,就必须建立合理有效的民事责任分担制度,同时引入网上证券交易保险机制。     

自学考试与网络教育

自学考试与网络教育同属开放教育 ,采取各种方式和途径实现两者的有机结合 ,可以达到优势互补、互利互惠的目的 ,对于建立健全我国终身教育体系具有重要的意义     

论网络证券交易技术风险承担规则

网络证券交易存在的风险往往与网络技术不完善有关,最终要靠技术进步来解决,网络证券交易技术风险承担的制度设计应具有鼓励技术创新的功能.网络证券交易技术风险承担的具体规则应包括:可控制性规则、可预见性规则、效率规则、经济能力规则.     

试论建立长期有效的网上追逃机制策略

网上追逃是近年来追逃工作发展的新形式，在实际工作中发挥了巨大作用。但在实践中也存在着一些问题．这些问题制约了网上追逃工作的长期发展和效能的发挥。通过建立健全现代化的追逃信息网络，实施规范化管理，提高公安机关民警的网上追逃意识和增强网上追逃的技能等措施来完善网上追逃机制。     

普通高校网络教育学籍管理工作研究

普通高校网络教育学籍管理工作的好坏直接影响学生是否能如期毕业,其管理过程贯穿于学生入学、日常教学管理、毕业环节等,是学校最终"产品"的出口。旨在通过对普通高校网络教育学籍管理现状及存在的问题进行归纳分析,提出对现阶段学籍管理工作的对策和建议,进而加强学籍管理制度规范化,提高学籍管理工作效率,以达到促成教学管理过程质量的提高。     

创新社会管理背景下涉警网络舆情危机处置探析

现阶段,我国正处于改革的攻坚期、发展的黄金期和社会矛盾的凸现期,涉警网络舆情危机时有发生。涉警网络舆情危机具有突发性、传播性、破坏性和交互性等显著特点。因此,公安机关应及时掌握涉警网络舆情动态,运用"公安网络舆情引导管理系统",完善涉警网络舆情预警研判和应急处置机制,掌握网络舆论引导主动权。     

Trust in the information society

Trust is an important feature for all users of the Internet who rely on the safety and security of network technologies and systems for their daily lives. Trust, or the lack of it, has also been identified by the European Commission’s Digital Agenda as a major barrier to further development of the information society in Europe. One of the areas in which concerns have been raised is in relation to children’s safety online. As a result, substantial efforts have been made by policymakers and by the industry to build greater trust and confidence in online digital safety. This paper examines what trust means in the context of children’s use of the Internet. Should policy on trust enhancement, for instance, include children’s own trust in the technologies or services they use or is it sufficient to seek to reinforce parental and adult confidence that children can be adequately protected? What is required to build that trust from either perspective? Does it need, or should it include a relationship of trust between parents and children? To tease out these questions further, the paper examines current European Union policy frameworks on digital safety, particularly industry responses to the call for a more trusted Internet environment for children, and argues that technical solutions to be effective need to carefully balance a number of competing objectives and to be sufficiently grounded in evidence of parental and child experience of the Internet.