责任竞合与诉讼标的理论

所谓请求权竞合 ,系因同一生活利益同时为不同法律关系的客体所涵摄 ,从而引起的数个具有不同客体、不同规范目的的责任关系的竞合。作为民事权利体系之枢纽的请求权概念 ,一方面对其所包含的“给付”究指法律关系内容意义上的给付抑或客体意义上的给付不加区辨 ;另一方面 ,以权利人指向国家的“司法保护要求权”作为请求权的本质属性 ,对实体法学、诉讼法学均产生错误影响。由其目标功能所决定 ,诉讼标的在结构上须同时包含“责任关系”与“接受权内容之主张”两重要素。在责任竞合情况下 ,可以利用“诉之利益”达成纷争解决一次性的目标。     

论纠纷的可诉性

纠纷的可诉性是实现当事人的裁判请求权的逻辑前提 ,纠纷可诉性的广度反映了裁判请求权的实现程度。目前我国民事诉讼法理论和实务界关于纠纷可诉性的标准或依据及范围的理解限制了裁判请求权实现的空间范围。纠纷可诉性的标准应当为纠纷是平等主体之间的财产关系争议和人身关系争议 ,而并非限于民事法律关系争议。纠纷可诉性的范围包括民法所调整的民事法律关系发生的争议、应受民事法律保护的应有权利受到侵害引发的争议、宪法权利受到私法主体侵害所引发的争议。     

论民事强制执行请求权

民事强制执行请求权是与民事强制执行权相对应的专属于执行债权人享有的一种独立的、基本的权利，我国民事强制执行法应以该基本权利为核心构筑执行债权人的权利体系。对民事强制执行请求权的保护前提是立法，关键是执法。     

BOT投融资中的债权担保

BOT 作为近年来十分重要的投融资形式,越来越受到大多数国家的青睐和关注。由于 BOT 投融资各方分处于不同的国度,各所属国有关债权担保的法律规范迥异,涉及问题众多。     

论小额诉讼程序基本理念及制度建构

小额诉讼的基本理念除了诉讼效率之外,其更加关注对当事人的程序保障和程序利益的保护,根本的目的在于正义的实现。我国小额诉讼程序的建构应当借鉴各国的立法经验,注重对当事人的程序保护,不应当为了程序之简便而忽视正义之保障。在此基础之上,在机构设置、程序进行、能否上诉等方面做出合理的构建。     

论不当得利制度的功能--一种体系化取向的民法学思考

近代民法以公平观念为基础建构了不当得利制度.但不能用公平观念支配不当得利制度的适用.不当得利制度的内在功能为取除受益人无法律上原因而获得的利益,其出发点为受益人是否受有利益,而受益人是否有故意或过失对不当得利的构成没有影响;该制度的外在功能为克服成文法的局限性,体现矫正正义.     

Evidence for the role of the justice motive in status generalization processes

Status generalization refers to the capacity of status characteristics, such as race, gender, or occupation, to become the basis of social inequality even when such characteristics are not directly relevant to the immediate social interaction. For instance, individuals with positively valued status characteristics are more likely to assume positions of power and prestige than those of lower standing. To date, status generalization has been assumed to arise from stereotyped beliefs that associate positive standing on a status characteristic with positively valued personal attributes. Findings from two studies indicate that the capacity for status characteristics to produce power and prestige orders may also depend on people's need to believe in a just world. In the first study, participants were fortuitously granted a position of either superior or equal power and prestige to another person. Consistent with just world predictions, participants portrayed themselves more positively relative to the other on assessments of personal attributes when they occupied a superior position than when they occupied a position of equal power and prestige. Results from a second study showed that the tendency to link personal attributes with power and prestige standing was strongest for participants who scored high on the Just World Scale. Thus, just world beliefs appear to play a role in status generalization processes.     

Making just decisions in magistrates' courts

Professional magistrates' sentencing procedures were examined as prototypic cases of expert processes involved in making just decisions, with analysis of their attention to information and the inferences they drew from case details and their own patterned knowledge. Magistrates' sorting and verbalized sentencing of six shoplifting cases revealed that they were accessing and using three schemas for categorizing shoplifters, with different emphases and valences, and different penalties. The schemas categorized shoplifters as cases of greed, need, or troubled persons. Tough magistrates followed the greed schema more than the lenient who followed the need and troubled schemas more consistently. Information use and inferences in a sample case illustrate schema differences.     

无效合同的诉讼时效问题刍议

我国法律对于主张合同无效的权利没有作出时间上的限制 ,本文从无效合同及诉讼时效制度功能权衡、请求确认合同无效的权利性质及其与诉讼时效的适用范围的关系来论证了请求法院确认合同无效的权利应受诉讼时效的限制。     

行政法上请求权的体系及功能研究

行政法上的请求权源自于公权利,请求权作为公权利的一种类型,其权能覆盖整个公权利。行政法上的请求权可以分为原权型请求权和救济型请求权。原权型请求权包括给付请求权、行政合同上请求权、公法上无因管理请求权、公法上不当得利请求权、无瑕疵裁量请求权和行政程序参加请求权,救济型请求权包括防御请求权、损害填补请求权和确认请求权。各种请求权之间存在着逻辑关系,从而形成了对公民的严密保护。请求权将行政法与行政诉讼法联结起来,对于确定行政诉讼的原告资格、判决类型以及行政法规范的体系化具有重要作用。