Examining Space–Time Interaction in City-Level Homicide Data: Crack Markets and the Diffusion of Guns Among Youth

This paper examines the linkage between crack market activity and gunhomicide suggested by Blumstein (1995), who argues that the arrival ofcrack stimulated an increased availability of guns among juveniles. Thisgreater availability of guns, the argument continues, is responsible for thesharp upswing in juvenile homicide experienced in the United States in themid-1980s. Using city-level data on crack arrests and gun-related juvenilehomicide, we fit a change-point version of the Bass (1969) model ofinnovation diffusion. We find that, in most large American cities, thediffusion process for crack cocaine experienced an onset of dramatic growththat was followed by a similar, slightly slower growth in gun homicidescommitted by juveniles. We further use cluster analysis to find that thespatial patterning of the two processes is similar, starting on the East andWest Coasts and working their way toward other regions of the nation. Gunuse in homicide among slightly older offenders (ages 18–24) alsoexperienced a change at roughly the same time as the juveniles, but the rateof diffusion was considerably milder than for the younger group; offendersages 25 or older generally show no growth in gun-related homicide whatsoever. In addition, there is no detectable surge in juvenile nongun homicide activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that the crack cocaine markets–gun availability linkage is highly plausible, and we suggest directions for future research in clarifying the dynamics of the late-1980s surge in juvenile homicide.     

市场经济与道德重建

适应市场经济发展的道德理论不仅应具有市场经济基础,而且也应为主体意志的道德约束提供深层的社会心理基础。道德既是价值规范,又是实现价值的实践活动,还是人类利益意志的“人为法则”。市场经济一方面涵摄了人们道德的基础,另一方面为完善道德提供了条件。应从道德和市场经济的内涵和运作中寻求二者的生成关系,阐明正确理解的利益是道德与市场经济相统一的现实支撑点。那种强调在集体利益实现基础上充分发展合理的个人利益的、真正意义上的集体主义道德,应是市场经济条件下道德重建的根本方向和基本内容     

物质世界的消极冷漠与网络社会的积极主动——中国青年政治参与的两面性分析

相对于传统的物质世界，网络社会是一个全新的、数字化的社会。当代中国青年的政治参与在这两个社会形态中，呈现出消极冷漠和积极主动两种截然不同的态势。对青年政治参与的两极现象我们应该有客观的、清醒的、辨证的认识，以引导青年追求适度的、与政治制度水平相适应的政治参与，这不仅取决于青年政治参与能力的提高，也有赖于政治体制的发展。     

网络对青年社会化的效应及其对策分析

网络开辟了青年社会化的崭新时代,为青年提供了新的广阔空间,但在其消解传统的社会化模式,带来众多积极效应的同时,也应认识到网络社会化自身的局限与副作用.对这一问题的重视和探讨,将有助于进一步促进青年社会化的健康发展.     

试论依法治国与以德治国并重的几个问题

以德治国,是党中央治国方略的重要思想,以德治国思想的提出并不是否定依法治国的基本方略地位,依法治国与以德治国的结合是时代发展的需要,以德治国的正确实施能够促进依法治国.依法治国与以德治国的关系是一种他律与自律的关系,个体的道德自律是法律他律的基础.以德治国的出发点在于解决市场快速发展与滞后的思想道德教育的尖锐矛盾造成的信仰危机和道德危机,兼治民德与官德.     

汲取传统道德文化精华化解矛盾纠纷

我国古代传统道德文化中的“以民为本”、“为吏之道必洁正直”、“和为贵”、“重义轻利”、“诚实守信”以及法德并举等思想 ,内涵丰富 ,蕴含着伦理道德的哲理智慧 ,有批判地继承这一宝贵遗产 ,吸取其精华 ,古为今用 ,对我们今天正确处理人民内部矛盾 ,化解纠纷 ,加强社会主义精神文明建设 ,维护社会稳定 ,仍具有一定的指导意义。     

资源型地区农村青年就业状况分析——基于河北省Z县S村的调查

良好的资源环境和较多的就业机会，使资源型地区的多数农村青年选择留乡就业。但由于农村青年自身的某种局限，以及有色资源的不可再生，资源型地区的农村劳动力就业需要寻求新的机遇和新的增长点。在以工促农、以城带乡的发展阶段，进一步调整农村经济结构，大力发展农村服务业，可以为资源型地区农村青年就近转移就业提供一些前瞻性思路。     

Like a Deer in the Headlights: The Paralysis of Stuckness

When describing how they experience moments of not-knowing, youth workers often talk about a sense of paralysis, as though their uncertainty becomes physically constraining. This chapter describes the first of five themes associated with youth workers' experiences of not knowing what to do: the paralysis of stuckness. In addition to describing and investigating the dominant theme of paralysis, this chapter discusses its three variations, as described by youth worker participants: (a) It's just me, and that's not enough, (b) It's like a mental freefall, and (c) That crushing becomes your world.     

A Qualitative Analysis of Vietnamese Adolescent Identity Exploration Within and Outside an Ethnic Enclave

Focusing on identity development explorations enables a greater understanding of contexts that affect immigrant adolescents. Utilizing thematic and grounded narrative analysis of 46 journal writings, during a one-month period, from first and second generation Vietnamese adolescents ranging in age from 15 to 18 (26 residents of a culturally and politically active ethnic enclave in Southern California; 20 adolescents living outside the enclave), this study establishes ways in which a focus on social context and exploration processes illuminates the complexity of immigrant adolescents’ identity formation. The two groups shared many similarities, including precipitants to exploration and steps undertaken to explore identity. However, two factors—social and cultural influences and emotional reactions—revealed interesting contrasts distinguishing enclave from non-enclave dwelling Vietnamese adolescents. Data also suggested that immigrant adolescents strive to integrate different domains of identity (ethnicity, gender, career) both with one another and with the historical, social, and cultural contexts they occupy.

先秦科技应用的伦理约束机制

先秦科学技术是在长期的奴隶社会发展的基础上产生的，由于存在技术缺陷、交换发展、环境破坏等问题，出现了科技伦理约束机制。包括儒墨道法的仁、法、刑、度对技术的制约，也包括物勒工名的具体制度，这对于当代科技伦理建设仍然具有启发意义。