Zum Umfang des Individualrechts jedes Wohnungseigentümers auf Minderung der Rücklagenbeiträge gem § 30 Abs 1 Z 2 WEG 2002

Das Recht auf Minderung der Rücklagenbeitr?ge steht jedem Wohnungseigentümer (oder auch einer Minderheit dieser) mittels au?erstreitigem Antrag auch dann zu, wenn der WE-Verwalter einen bestehenden Mehrheitsbeschluss der Wohnungseigentümer dadurch ignoriert, dass er ihnen davon abweichende, wesentlich h?here Rücklagenbeitr?ge vorschreibt. Zur Parteistellung des WE-Verwalters im wohnrechtlichen Au?erstreitverfahren nach § 52 Abs 2 Z 1, letzter Halbsatz, WEG 2002 idF WRN 2006.     

Entzug von Licht und Luft: Zulässigkeit des streitigen Rechtsweges, Konkurrenz zum Selbsthilferecht, Passivlegitimation bei Bestehen eines Fruchtgenussrechts

Voraussetzung für die Zul?ssigkeit des streitigen Rechtswegs auf Grund eines Anspruchs nach § 364 Abs 3 ABGB ist zufolge Art III ZivR?G 2004 nur die Einleitung eines Schlichtungsverfahrens vor einer hiefür zust?ndigen Schlichtungsstelle, das Einlangen eines Antrags gem § 433 Abs 1 ZPO bei Gericht oder der Beginn einer Mediation und das Verstreichen eines Zeitraums von drei Monaten seither ohne eine gütliche Einigung. Nicht von Bedeutung ist dagegen, ob der bekl Nachbar von dem gegen ihn eingeleiteten Schlichtungsverfahren oder von einem Antrag gem § 433 Abs 1 ZPO vor Klagseinbringung überhaupt Kenntnis erlangte. Ein Immissionsabwehranspruch nach § 364 Abs 3 ABGB infolge einer konkreten Eigentumsgef?hrdung wird durch das Recht auf Selbsthilfe gem § 422 ABGB jedenfalls dann nicht ausgeschlossen, wenn die Benutzung des betroffenen Grundeigentums durch einen das ortsübliche Ma? überschreitenden Entzug von Licht oder Luft wesentlich beeintr?chtigt wird und dieser Zustand unzumutbar ist, ohne dass ihm durch eine leichte und einfache Ausübung des Selbsthilferechts abgeholfen werden kann. Der Eigentümer eines Nachbargrundstücks kann auf Grund eines Immissionsabwehranspruchs nach § 364 Abs 3 ABGB auch dann klageweise in Anspruch genommen werden, wenn an diesem Grundstück ein Fruchtgenussrecht besteht.     

Klärungen zu Beweisverboten

Die Frage, ob mit einem Beweiserhebungsverbot ein Verwertungsverbot einhergeht, ist für jedes einzelne Erhebungsverbot eigens zu beantworten. Steht der beweiswürdigenden Berücksichtigung eines – wenn auch in der Hauptverhandlung vorgekommenen – Beweismittels ein Verwertungsverbot entgegen, kann das (demnach folgerichtige) Unterbleiben der Er?rterung des Beweismittels in den Entscheidungsgründen des Urteils nicht als Unvollst?ndigkeit im Sinn der Z 5 zweiter Fall des § 281 Abs 1 StPO geltend gemacht werden.     

DNA typing in populations of mule deer for forensic use in the Province of Alberta

The present study involves the development of forensic DNA typing tests and databases for mule deer in the Province of Alberta. Two multiplex PCR reactions interrogating 10 loci were used to analyze samples from three populations of mule deer. Additionally, an amelogenin based sex-typing marker was used to determine the gender of samples. Results show that the tests and databases are appropriate for use in forensic applications. Additionally, the results indicate that there is little population structure in mule deer in Alberta and that no changes to management of this game species are suggested.     

The Effects of Women Officeholders on Environmental Policy

Studies show that women and girls consistently demonstrate higher levels of concern for the environment than men and boys. Separately, research also indicates that women officeholders pay particular attention to the issues prioritized by their female constituents. Interestingly, despite the consistency of the gender gap in attitudes to environmental issues the literature has paid scant attention to the role of women officeholders in the adoption of environmental policy. The goal of this paper was to start to address that lacuna. Using pooled cross‐sectional time series analyses of environmental standards in 18 Western parliamentary democracies (1990–2012), our initial findings indicate women officeholders are associated with the adoption of higher environmental standards.     

Policy Narratives across Two Languages: A Comparative Study using the Narrative Policy Framework

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) focuses on the role of narratives, drawing from a rich scholarship in narrative, language, and culture. Despite the understanding that narratives are constructions of language and that narrative construction differs across languages, NPF studies have not focused on policy narratives in languages other than English. Language characteristics of narratives are important to assess the stability of policy narratives when there are multiple dominant languages in a political system. This study investigates the use of narrative elements in policy narratives in agricultural biotechnology policy in India across Hindi and English media coverage to examine the NPF assumption that narratives have generalizable narrative elements irrespective of variation in linguistic context and, specifically, tests the transportability of narrative elements. Findings validate the transportability of narrative elements in Hindi narratives, indicate variation in the use of narrative elements over time, and have implications for applying NPF across languages.     

Venue Preference and Earthquake Mitigation Policy: Expanding the Micro‐Model of Policy Choice

Seismologists have reported that a majority of recent earthquakes in Oklahoma have been triggered by the activities of oil and gas companies. Despite this fact, there is evidence of strong opposition toward earthquake mitigation policy. In this article, we argue that how individuals define issues affect their policy choice. Furthermore, we incorporate the concept of venue shopping from the literature on macro theories of the policy process to investigate the effect of problem definition in shaping individual venue preference for policy choice. Using unique survey data, we find that problem definition, particularly issue causality and issue image, is strongly related to individual support for earthquake mitigation policy. However, a more nuanced relationship between individual problem definition and venue preference is observed. Our findings contribute to scholarly endeavors to understand the politics of problem definition at an individual level, which may be the precursor of understanding policy choices at the institutional level.     

Patterns of Local Policy Disruption: Regulatory Responses to Uber in Ten North American Cities

Since its inception in 2009, Uber has grown into a technology behemoth, with operations in over 70 countries and 500 cities around the world. Along the way, it has successfully forced regulatory upheaval in hundreds of local taxi markets controlled by municipal authorities. In this sense, Uber is not only a market disruptor, but also a policy disruptor. This paper examines the nature of such policy disruption at the local level by reviewing regulatory responses to Uber in ten North American cities. We find that regulatory outcomes are a function of two factors: Uber’s government relations strategy, either cooperative or confrontational, and the degree to which local governments perceive Uber as complementary or harmful to the existing marketplace. We conclude by proposing a typology of regulatory responses to Uber as a basis to identify patterns in the behavior of municipal regulatory authorities and political leaders.     

How Values Shape Program Perceptions: The “Organic Ethos” and Producers’ Assessments of U.S. Organic Policy Impacts

Among the more recognizable programs related to natural and sustainable food is the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program. Although the robustness of the organic food market is difficult to contest, many debate the extent to which U.S. organic policy outcomes adequately serve consumers and the organic agriculture producers they rely on. This paper engages the debate from the perspective of certified organic producers. Drawing on the results of a nationwide survey of USDA‐certified producers, we first provide a snapshot of how producers assess the environmental, consumer, and market impacts of U.S. organic food policy. We then examine the extent to which organic producers’ policy impact perceptions are associated with their alignment with an “organic ethos”—understood as producers’ commitment to core organic principles and the organic movement. The paper highlights producers’ values as perceptual filters and cognitive mechanisms that help shape producers’ policy impacts perceptions, illustrating a contributing factor to the enduring nature of organic policy debates.     

Conservation in Context: Toward a Systems Framing of Decentralized Governance and Public Participation in Wildlife Management

Governance scholars have long championed the adaptive utility of decentralized management institutions, in part due to their ability to bring diverse stakeholders into decision‐making processes. However, research into the link between decentralization and participation often looks at policy design but bypasses important system feedbacks that shape sustained participation over time. To paint a more robust picture detailing how decentralization and participation are related, this paper uses a complex systems framework to explore interacting structural, operational, and cultural components of decentralized wildlife governance institutions in the United States and Botswana. Through this comparative analysis, I argue that the landscape of public participation in decentralized governance institutions appears to be significantly impacted by three factors: 1) how decentralization processes occurred, 2) where in the process of decision making participation is situated, and 3) perceptions of power distribution between groups with competing interests.