WHY IS INVOLVEMENT IN UNSTRUCTURED SOCIALIZING RELATED TO ADOLESCENT DELINQUENCY?*

The relationship between unstructured socializing (peer‐oriented activity without supervision) and adolescent delinquency is widely established and recognized, but less is known about why this relationship exists. The present study integrates the unstructured socializing perspective with insights from social learning theory and other theoretical perspectives on peer influence and empirically investigates four possible explanatory processes. The study applies time diary data to operationalize accurately the concept of unstructured socializing and survey data to capture mediating variables and self‐reported delinquency (a general frequency measure of various offenses, as well as specified measures for violence, theft, and vandalism). Data were collected longitudinally with two waves of surveys and space–time budget interviews among 610 adolescents (11 to 20 years of age). A multilevel‐path model was estimated to analyze within‐individual changes over time. The findings indicate that three of the four proposed explanatory processes contribute to the explanation of the relationship between unstructured socializing and delinquency.     

The saliency of gestural misinformation in the perception of a violent crime

Recent research has revealed that misinformation from gestures can influence eyewitness memory. However, it is still unclear whether gestural misinformation can emulate the effects of verbal misinformation on the reporting of major details in serious crimes. To investigate the salience of suggestions provided nonverbally, and how these compare to those made verbally, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants watched footage of a crime scene and were presented with one of two types of gestures during questioning that suggested different interpretations of the crime. The results confirmed that the gestures influenced responses, with participants altering their interpretation of the crime according to the information gestured to them. Experiment 2 built on this to investigate how comparable gestural influence was to verbal influence. The results revealed that gestural misinformation caused participants to alter their interpretation of the crime and elicited the same effects as verbal misinformation. Across the two experiments, participants were unlikely to identify the misleading gestures or report feeling misled by them. These results reveal new insights into the strength of gestural misinformation and show that, despite their subtle nature in communication, gestures can exert a powerful influence in eyewitness interviews.     

循环经济产业集群中核心生态企业链合创新博弈分析及策略选择研究

链合创新是循环经济产业集群在生态链上提高创新响应程度,降低创新风险,实现创新效率的主要形式。文章在提出循环经济产业集群链合创新八个假设的基础上,针对核心生态企业为上游企业和为下游企业两种情形,构建了两层生态结构的创新博弈模型,通过对博弈过程的细致分析,提出链合创新的策略集;并运用MATLAB工具就创新难度系数和生态影响力对策略集的影响进行仿真分析。研究表明：在循环经济产业集群中,核心生态企业链合创新的程度不是越大越好,其策略选择和最优利润与核心生态企业在生态链上的位置无关;链合创新的合作伙伴也并非相对实力越强越好,而是存在极值,且生态影响力越大,其可选范围也越大。     

入世对中国律师业影响及应对措施

中国加入WTO ,对我国律师业的完善与发展产生巨大而深远的影响 ,律师业面临前所未有的机遇和挑战。面对WTO所需求的规模化、专业化、国际化的律师服务要求 ,我国律师及律师事务所如何抓住机遇 ,直面挑战 ,积极应对 ,成为当前律师工作亟需研究解决的课题。本文就入世对中国律师业的影响、律师业现状及对策提出粗浅看法。     

论儒家思想对中国古代狱制发展的影响

中国监狱的萌芽可上溯尧舜时期 ,正式产生于夏王朝。在漫长的历史发展过程中 ,儒家思想贯穿其中 ,对中国古代狱制的发展演变产生了极其深刻的影响 ,形成了中国古代监狱发展所具有的特殊规律性。对其进行深入的探讨与研究 ,对于正确把握中国古代监狱发展脉络与特征具有十分重要的意义。     

论社会分层及其对侦查的影响

社会阶层普遍存在于人类社会之中,社会分层和社会冲突的具体状况不同,侦查的方式、方法、程序、要求也有所不同。社会分层对侦查的影响是：社会分层造成犯罪数量增加,使侦查陷于破案压力巨大和侦查资源匮乏的突出矛盾之中;社会分层造成犯罪类型多样化,使侦查面对效率和公正的双重挑战。     

Similarity in husbands and wives party family preference in the Netherlands

Using insights from theories on marital homogamy and political behaviour, this research examines the tendency of husbands and wives to vote for the same party family. It disentangles the extent to which similarity in party family preference can be explained by (1) partners choosing one another because of their shared socio-economic position and (2) partners influencing one another. For this purpose, we conducted probit regression models with instrumental variables using data from the 2000 and 2003 Dutch Family Survey. Using instrumental variables to analyze endogenous relationships, we found that Dutch partners tend to support parties belonging to the same party family (left, confessional or right). There is some support for the idea that similarity in preference for a leftist and confessional party is – at least partly – a by-product of ‘self-selection’, i.e. the preference for a partner who is similar in socio-economic characteristics to oneself. As regards rightist voting, there does not seem to be an effect of similarity in socio-economic characteristics. Similarity in preference for a rightist party rather seems to be uniquely the result of mutual influence.     

美日安全合作:从地区走向全球

美日同盟是美国维持亚太秩序的重要基石,也是日本外交政策的基轴,随着中国的崛起,美日双方已然意识到原有的同盟框架难以应对来自中国的挑战。为此,美日通过制订新的《美日防卫合作指针》,强化美日同盟,加强双方在全球范围内的安全合作。然而,美日安全合作同时也面临着质疑与否定,在美日两国内,长期以来一直存在着对美日同盟的争论。未来美日安全合作将如何发展,不仅取决于日本的安全感知,更取决于美国在国内国际新形势下将会采取的战略。由于美国新任总统特朗普一以贯之的对日负面认知,使得日本政府和国民对于特朗普的对日政策不抱期待。然而,特朗普上台后并不会撤走驻日美军,更不会让美日同盟解体,同时,商人出身的特朗普并不反对自由贸易,其反对的是无法贯彻其意志的自由贸易。因此,在特朗普总统任期中,其特有的个性和自信,将会使未来美国的对日政策打上"特式"烙印,这为美日关系的发展增加了许多不确定因素,美日同盟可能面临新的危机。