排序方式: 共有22条查询结果,搜索用时 229 毫秒
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Alexa Villavicencio-Queijeiro Chantal Loyzance Zoraida García-Castillo Jiro Suzuri-Hernndez Alejandra Castillo-Alanís Patricia Lpez-Olvera Fernanda Lpez-Escobedo 《Journal of forensic sciences》2022,67(1):217-228
In a context of rising violence and long-lasting impunity, in 2008, Mexico's criminal justice system underwent a radical change from an inquisitorial model to an adversarial one, to make it more effective, transparent, and expeditious. The new system tasked judges with publicly determining the admissibility of forensic evidence, as well as assessing its technical quality and probative value—tasks for which they currently receive little to no training. With the aim of contributing to the consolidation of the adversarial model, a comparative framework—in the form of a checklist—of the analysis of fingerprints, DNA samples, and voice recordings was created. To do so, a review of the academic literature, published reports, and guidelines was performed. The collected data were synthesized and submitted to a panel of Mexican judges, who provided feedback on its adequacy. The framework focuses on the steps on which quality assurance of forensic evidence depends, organized in five discrete stages that span from the collection of samples at the scene of a crime to the presentation of evidence at trial, specifying the main technical criteria experts should state to allow a decision maker to examine its accuracy and reliability. Differences and commonalities among the three methods were identified, particularly in terms of how qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed in each. Besides its potential usefulness as an aid for judicial decision-making, the checklist could be a valuable resource for training programs aimed at judges, as well as quality assurance programs. 相似文献
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Alexa N. Joyce 《Family Court Review》2016,54(4):642-656
In high‐conflict divorce cases, the emotional toll on the family unit is unquestionably destructive. While the physical and mental health of the children should be the primary focus, the emotional turmoil of a high‐conflict divorce often moves the focus away from the children as parents struggle emotionally and financially. Although the best interests of the children are always in the judicial purview, the repeated, lengthy, and hostile litigation process often associated with high‐conflict dissolution has lasting effects on the physical and mental health of children, similar to those associated with physical abuse and neglect. Child Protective Services (CPS) must step in and protect the emotional well‐being of children during high‐conflict divorce cases. 相似文献
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Curhan Alexa L. Rabinowitz Jill A. Pas Elise T. Bradshaw Catherine P. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2020,49(1):311-322
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - A number of studies have used variable-centered approaches to examine informant discrepancies on children’s behavior problems; however, few such studies... 相似文献
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Telmon N Gaston A Chemla P Blanc A Joffre F Rougé D 《Journal of forensic sciences》2005,50(3):507-512
Age determination is a major field of interest in forensic anthropology. Among the different methods based on macroscopic skeletal study, the Suchey-Brooks method, which analyzes the pubic symphysis, is one of the most reliable. We applied the Suchey-Brooks method to three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions of the pubic symphysis. We demonstrated excellent agreement between the results of analysis of bone samples and those of the three-dimensional images, in particular regarding ridges of the articular surface and delimitation of the extremities. The accuracy of age estimation did not significantly differ (Wilcoxon test) between the Suchey-Brooks method applied to bones and the same method applied to CT images. Using high-quality images, this approach seems as reliable as the standard Suchey-Brooks method and offers several advantages: no bone preparation, no damage to bone material, and the possibility of application to living individuals. 相似文献
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This study examined the cellular origin and concentration of nuclear DNA in human urine. Ten subjects provided two entire, first-morning voids: one as a single specimen and one as a consecutive series of samples. The serial samples were centrifuged, organically extracted, and quantified by slot-blot analysis. Total DNA concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 21.3 ng/mL for the males and 25.0 to 96.9 ng/mL for the females. The female samples were found to contain numerous vaginal epithelial cells. DNA was detected in all of the serial samples of nine subjects; however, the DNA concentrations varied considerably. With six subjects, the DNA concentration of the first serial sample was at least three times greater than that of the entire void. DNA was only detected in the first 21% of the void from one male subject. The results of this study have implications for the collection of urine samples. 相似文献
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Caroline E. Temcheff Lisa A. Serbin Alexa Martin-Storey Dale M. Stack Sheilagh Hodgins Jane Ledingham Alex E. Schwartzman 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(4):231-242
Literature suggests that early patterns of aggressive behavior in both girls and boys are predictive of later violent behavior,
including violence that takes place within family contexts. Utilizing the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project, a study of
individuals recruited as children in the 1970s from inner-city schools in Montreal, this study examined different pathways
whereby aggressive behavioral styles in childhood may place individuals at risk for continuing patterns of violence towards
children and spouses. Childhood aggression directly predicted self-reported violence towards spouse for both sexes, with indirect
routes through lowered educational attainment and marital separation. Aggression in childhood was also found to predict parents’
self-reports of using violence with their children. For mothers, educational attainment and current absence of the biological
father from the child’s home also played important roles in predicting violent behavior towards offspring. These findings
provide evidence of both continuity of aggressive behavior and indirect risk paths to family violence, via lower educational
attainment and parental absence. In both men and women, childhood aggression may be an identifiable precursor of family violence
and child abuse. 相似文献