“记者比法官有用”现象之我见

“记者比法官有用─天下没有新闻媒介断不了的官司。”这种现象已对法官的威信、法律的威严造成了较大的负面影响。本文针对这种现象形成的原因及其利弊效果作了较为全面深入的分析,并力图端正认识,正确地估计评价新闻舆论监督的作用。     

宪法监督制度及其完善——《监督法》草案有关宪法监督制度缺位之思考

2002年8月底首次提交人大审议的<监督法>草案,标志着人大对"一府两院"监督的法制化和规范化,但其仍然还有许多议题未获得明确和解决;其中宪法监督制度的缺位就是一大遗憾.建立宪法监督机构本应是<监督法>的首要解决问题,如果监督法回避这个问题,就不能起到其应有的作用,究其原因主要为,如果在人大内设立一个专门委员会,就会出现一个理论上的矛盾,当权力机关自身违宪,这个委员会该怎么处理.按照现行宪法的规.定,专门委员会不能对权力机关实施监督,也不能对违宪问题作出处理.同时,如果在全国人大之外或之上设立这样的机构,显然有违现行体制,原因在于人大本身就是负责监督宪法和法律实施,怎么可能在其之上或之外再设立一个机关?笔者以为,宜在我国设立全国人民代表大会领导下的与人大常委并列的宪法监督委员会,实施宪法监督职能;在三者职权划分上,全国人民代表大会仅负责宪法的制定、修改与废除以及其他立法之外的职能,其他立法职能委托全国人大常务委员会执行;全国人大宪法监督委员会负责实施宪法监督.     

The Impact of Emotional Disturbances on the Arrest Trajectories of Youth as They Transition into Young Adulthood

This article identifies the arrest trajectories of youth from ages 12 through 24 years old and tests hypotheses derived from Moffitt’s developmental taxonomic theory of crime concerning the impact of various emotional disturbances on the specific trajectories of the youth involved. The study uses exclusively administrative data sets and includes a gender and racially diverse sample of 10,360 youth (30.7 % females) who were arrested at least once between ages 12 and 24 in the early 2000s. Latent class growth analysis was employed in order to identify distinct arrest trajectories of youth in the sample. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify diagnostic and other characteristics associated with membership in the specific trajectories predicted by Moffitt’s theory. Five trajectory classes were identified, 3 of which were consistent with taxonomic theory including high and classic adolescence limited trajectory classes and a “snared adolescence limited class” described more recently by Moffitt. The distribution of youth among the 5 classes was very different for those with and without emotional disturbances. Youth with emotional disturbances in their late adolescent years were more likely to fall into the high arrest trajectory class and much less likely to fall into the low arrest trajectory class. Compared to youth without an emotional disturbance, youth with psychotic disorders were more than twice as likely to fall into the high as into the low arrest trajectory class. Youth with disruptive behavior disorders were more than twice as likely to fall into the high and intermediate classes as into the low trajectory class. Anxiety and depressive disorders were not associated with significantly greater likelihood of falling into any one of the trajectory classes. Youth in the snared adolescence limited class were more likely than those in the classic adolescence limited class to be male, black versus white and in the foster care enrollment category lending some support to Moffitt’s conceptualization of this class as an adolescence limited class composed of youth who are snared by involvement in the criminal justice and or social services systems. Implications of these results for public policy and the study of adolescence are discussed.     

等位基因分型标准物的法医应用及制备研究

短串联重复序列(shorttandemrepeats,简称STR)由于其本身的优点和检测技术的不断完善,在今后相当长的时间内仍将是法医应用的重要遗传标记。等位基因分型标准物是STR检测试剂盒的组成部分,能够保证各等位基因分型的准确性。本文对等位基因分型标准物的出现、在法庭科学上的应用以及目前制备方法进行了综述,并对各种制备方法进行比较,以期对各实验室按照实际需要自行制备相关STR的等位基因分型标准物在方法选择上有所帮助,从而更好地进行法医物证鉴定。     

社区防火工作的现状、隐患与对策

社区防火是城市防火的基础,但当前防火安全形势严峻,隐患较多,所以,必须明确权力与义务,落实安全措施,深入开展消防宣传,加强培训指导,加大执法力度,从根本上消除隐患,尽力减少火灾事故的发生。     

The extent of the population paradox in the Hungarian electoral system

The Hungarian mixed-member electoral system, adopted in 1989, is one of the world’s most complicated electoral systems, and, as this paper demonstrates, it suffers from the “population paradox.” In particular, the governing coalition may lose as many as 8 seats either by getting more votes or by the opposition obtaining fewer votes on each territorial list.     

Political economy of crime and punishment under Stalin

Why do dictatorships favor harsher punishments than democracies? We use a rational choice approach to explain the stylized facts of Stalin’s dictatorship—preference for harsh sanctions, higher incarceration rates, greater use of capital punishment, low tolerance for theft of state property and workplace violations. They are shown to be explained by the preferences of a rational dictator, who does not internalize the social and private cost of punishment.     

猪瘟野毒E2基因同源性比较

以人工感染发病猪的脾为材料提取总RNA ,根据已报道的猪瘟病毒基因组序列 ,设计合成了 2对引物 ,以总RNA为模板 ,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)、套组聚合酶链式反应(nPCR)及测序技术 ,对流行于我国甘肃省、陕西省、宁夏和广西自治区的 5株野毒株的主要外膜糖蛋白E2基因的核苷酸序列进行了测定 ,用DNAstar软件比较分析了 5株野毒之间及其与猪瘟兔化弱毒株 (C ST株 )E2基因的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列的同源性。结果发现 ,5株野毒与C ST株核苷酸序列的同源性为 81.7%～ 83.1% ,氨基酸同源性为 87.3%～ 88.6 % ,表明它们之间存在较大的差异 ;但 5株野毒之间核苷酸序列的同源性高达 98.8%～ 99.3% ,氨基酸同源性为96 .6 %～ 99.2 % ,表明它们之间的差异较小     

Analysis of UN Resolutions Relating to North Korea: A Comparison with Resolutions Relating to the Second Gulf War

This work attempts to understand whether it is possible to talk about the emergence of specific recurring linguistic patterns in UN resolutions, used as a political strategy. The paper presents a comparative analysis between a corpus of resolutions related to the Second Gulf War and to the 2011 North Korean nuclear crisis, focussing on ethic adjectives and preambulatory and operative phrases used in these resolutions. It is attempted to show how vague and weak expressions can be used either to lead to intentionally biased interpretations of the law as was supposed in the Iraqi case, or to mitigate international tensions, though maintaining a firm position against international threats, as supposed for North Korea.