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Journal of Experimental Criminology - This study evaluates the effect of outpatient methadone maintenance treatment (OMMT) facilities on crime in surrounding areas. Between 2007 and 2017 in... 相似文献
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Objective
To evaluate the effect of emergency winter homeless shelters on property crimes in the nearby communities.Methods
Every winter between 2009 and 2016, the City of Vancouver, Canada opened shelters to protect the homeless from harsh winter conditions. The city opened 19 shelters, but only five to nine of them were open in any one winter. Using the variation in timing and placement of the shelters, we contrast crime rates in the surrounding areas when the shelters are open and closed.Results
The presence of a shelter appears to cause property crime to increase by 56% within 100 m of that shelter, with thefts from vehicles, other thefts, and vandalism driving the increase. However, when a homeless shelter opened, rates of breaking and entering commercial establishments were 34% lower within 100 m of that shelter. The observed effects are concentrated close to shelters, within 400 m, and dissipate beyond 400 m. Consistent with a causal effect, we find a decreasing effect of shelters with increasing distance from the shelter.Conclusions
While homeless shelters are a critical social service, in Vancouver, they appear to impact property crime in the surrounding community. Shelters may warrant greater security to control property crime, but the data suggest that any increase in security need not extend beyond 400 m, about two to three blocks, from the shelters.7.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a mild, short-term sleep loss/gain on assault rates.Methods
Using National Incidence Based Reporting System data and city-reported data from Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles, we calculated the difference in assault rates on the Monday immediately following daylight saving time (DST) as compared to the Monday a week later using a Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood estimator model. The same analyses were performed to examine effects of the return to standard time in the fall. We employed several falsification checks.Results
There were 2.9% fewer (95% CI: –4.2%, ?1.6%, p < 0.0001) assaults immediately following DST, when we lose an hour, as compared to a week later. In contrast, there was a 2.8% rise in assaults immediately following the return to standard time, when an hour is gained, as compared to a week later (95% CI: 1.5%, 4.2%, p < 0.0001). Multiple falsification analyses suggest the spring findings to be robust, while the evidence to support the fall findings is weaker.Conclusions
This study suggests that mild and short-term changes in sleep do significantly affect rates of assault. Specifically, there is support for the theory that mild sleepiness possibly associated with an hour loss of sleep results in reduced assaults. This contradicts the simple inverse relationship currently suggested by most of the correlational literature. This study and the mixed findings presented by experimental studies indicate that measurement variability of both sleep and aggression may result in conflicting findings.8.
Journal of Experimental Criminology - We use the temporary closings of subway stations in Philadelphia to examine the effects of public transit on crime in the nearby communities. The Southeastern... 相似文献
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Greg Ridgeway 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2017,36(3):700-703
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Assessing the Effect of Race Bias in Post-traffic Stop Outcomes Using Propensity Scores 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Greg Ridgeway 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2006,22(1):1-29
In response to community demands, case settlements, and state laws concerning racial profiling, police departments across
the nation are collecting data on traffic stops. While the data collection is rapidly moving forward, there are few if any
agreed upon methods for analyzing the data. Much of the attention has been on benchmarks for the race distribution of stops
and searches. Little empirical work has advanced our understanding of the influence of race in the post-stop activities of
police. The present study proposes a propensity score technique to determine the extent to which race bias affects citation
rates, search rates, and the duration of the stop. Adjusting for confounding variables using the propensity score offers an
alternative to multivariate regression that is more interpretable, less prone to errors in model assumptions, and ultimately
easier to present to stakeholders in policing practices. An analysis of traffic stop data from the City of Oakland, California
demonstrates the process, presentation, and interpretation of the results that the methodology produces. Ultimately, the study
addresses the extent to which race plays a role in officers’ use of discretion.
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Greg RidgewayEmail: |