论日本核污染的法律规制

从福岛核电站事故到日本政府排海方案,存在核污染风险的法律规制问题。排海方案实施行为违背多项国际环境保护义务。日本环境法规制在福岛事故前后发生变化,《放射性污染特措法》对日本国内核污染进行系统法律规制。国内法规制体系相对严格使得日本政府将核废水从国内排放转移到海洋排放。核污染风险法律预防需要突破剩余风险的限制,不能够按照达标排污即合规的常规预防思路,而应当采取特别预防,从风险的内涵定位、判断要素、禁令诉讼等多方面对其规制路径进行整体建构。     

马克思主义世界历史理论的叙事逻辑——兼论人类命运共同体的时代价值

马克思主义世界历史理论一方面承认资产阶级开创世界市场进而形成世界历史,另一方面对资本主义世界历史条件下人受制于物的抽象统治,进而丧失自身主体性展开了激烈批判。由此,马克思批判了资本主义世界历史时代下的“资本逻辑”与“虚幻的共同体”,进一步指出只有人成为“世界历史性”个人时才能恢复主体意识,实现真正的解放,届时世界历史也将转向“以人的自由全面发展”逻辑为核心的、“自由人联合体”的真正共同体阶段。世界历史在坚持人的自由全面发展的终极叙事主题基础上,在不同历史时期针对不同的历史发展状况具有阶段性的叙事主题。在世界百年未有之大变局下,共建人类命运共同体就成为马克思主义世界历史理论的当代叙事,它在二十一世纪的时代背景下重构了马克思主义世界历史理论的当代话语体系和出场方式,是世界历史理论叙事逻辑的当代展开。     

Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Previous research analyzing the differences in physical fitness and body composition between active and sedentary adolescents aged 12–16 has not provided...     

Distribution of the Minutiae in Hypothenar Palm Prints in Slovak Adults: Indications for Personal Identification

Minutiae are small distinguishing features found along every ridge flow, which make each friction ridge print unique. The most common friction ridge prints found at the crime scene are fingerprints; therefore, the most of the minutiae studies are focused exactly on this kind of prints. The authors believe that further examination and enlargement of the palm print database could result in better use of the palm prints for personal identification. We analyzed a total of 160 palm prints from 40 females and 40 males aged between 18 and 70 years from Slovakia. For the evaluation of the minutiae, the area of the hypothenar had to be marked out. The classification of the minutiae used for this study was based on a modified version of the classification system using the total of 13 types of minutiae. The frequency of every minutiae type was calculated and, using the chi-square test with Yates's correction, bilateral and sex differences were assessed. The relationship between the different types of minutiae was examined with Pearson's correlation test. During the initial phases of the identification process, the focus should be on the least common types of minutiae (Y or M and return), which were found not to correlate; thus, their mutual occurrence is random (e.g., overlap—Y or M, crossbar—return, or Y or M—dock). The results of the present study show which specific minutiae types are the most suitable for personal identification. These findings may be beneficial in more effective outcome of the identification process.     

病毒性出血败血症病毒实时荧光RT-RPA恒温检测方法的建立

为建立一种简单、快速的病毒性出血败血症病毒(VHSV)检测方法,本研究通过比较分析VHSV N基因的保守序列,设计了多对引物和一条探针。经过筛选优化,建立了实时荧光RT-RPA检测方法。该方法在39℃恒温反应20 min即可快速、特异性地检测出VHSV,与其他水生动物病毒不发生交叉反应,该方法检测限为1.83×10^3PFU/mL,利用本研究方法对30份鲑鳟鱼临床样品以及9份鱼类疫病病原样品进行检测,检测结果与荧光定量PCR方法结果一致。上述结果表明,本研究建立的检测方法操作简单,反应灵敏,结果可靠,仪器依赖性低,适用于现场对VHSV快速检测。     

Do the illegal and legal rents of politicians affect municipal election outcomes? Empirical evidence

This paper aims to analyse whether illegal (corruption) and legal rent extraction (high politicians’ wages) affect electoral outcomes at municipal level. We use an initial sample of 145 Spanish municipalities over 50,000 for two electoral periods: 2004–2007 (before the crisis) and 2008–2011 (during the crisis). Our findings show that neither illegal nor legal rent extraction impact on re-election in non-crisis times. However, we observe that citizens penalize legal rent extraction in the ballots during the crisis. Regarding the economic performance of the local governments, we find that its effect on re-election is important in non-crisis period. Nevertheless, in time of crisis, given that the economic situation is bad in general in the country, voters pay less attention to economic factors and focus on politicians’ behaviour.     

普通共同诉讼的权限分配与范围界定

我国普通共同诉讼的实体要件过于单一,限于诉讼标的同一种类;程序要件较为僵硬,要求当事人与法院双重同意。这就使普通共同诉讼在司法实践中较难成立,适用范围比较狭窄,既难以发挥合并审理的诉讼效率功能,也无法承接必要共同诉讼的程序边界。普通共同诉讼的理论重构应当注重权限分配与范围界定。前者须合理协调当事人的程序异议权与法院的程序裁决权,限制合并管辖的适用情形,区分合并管辖与合并审理的不同定位。后者须明确普通共同诉讼与必要共同诉讼的进阶性顺位关系,必要共同诉讼应以合一确定的必要性而非诉讼标的共同为判断标准,普通共同诉讼须以诉讼标的同种且基础事实同种、基础事实同一或基础事实存在牵连关系三者作为合并审理的客观标准。