Intimate Partner Violence and Parenting: Examining the Roles of Parenting Stress,Timing, and Maternal Abuse History

Maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure has been linked to negative parenting outcomes. Studies suggest that parenting stress is an intermediary between IPV exposure and parenting, though past work has relied on small, clinically- referred samples. Moreover, it is unclear if parenting is differentially affected by a mother’s recent versus past history of IPV exposure, or whether a mother’s childhood abuse history moderates the associations of IPV with parenting stress and parenting behaviors. The current study examines whether recent IPV, versus past IPV, has stronger associations with parenting stress and parenting behaviors and tests whether maternal abuse history moderates these associations. Using structural equation modeling, we tested relations between IPV (frequency and recency), parenting stress, and parenting behaviors cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a large community sample of IPV-exposed low-income Hispanic and African American mothers of children aged 0–14 years (N?=?1159). We found that mothers who reported IPV exposure in the past year reported higher negative and lower positive parenting behaviors than mothers who reported less recent exposure. Further, we found that the frequency and timing of IPV exposure affected parenting indirectly through increased parenting stress. However, a childhood history of abuse did not appear to sensitize women to these effects. These findings suggest that psychological interventions aimed at reducing the subjective experience of parenting stress, as well as increased access to resources that reduce objective childcare burden, are important for promoting resilience among families exposed to violence.

     

Government-business interface: the case of the small technology-based firm††

Abstract. This article presents the findings of a recent study made of successful technical entrepreneurs with small be in the secondary manufacturing sector in Canada. A major purpose of the study was to ascertain the entrepreneurs' perception of the environment for entrepreneurship in Canada, with a view to determining the form that Canadian government assistance might take. The article, amongst other things, relates the findings of the study to the current discussion of an industrial strategy for Canada, the recommendations of the Senate Special Committee on Science Policy and the operations of the Canada Development Corporation. Twelve specific policy recommendations are presented in the article. These recommendations deal with the following topics: the provision of venture capital; taxation; the provision of management expertise; and the provision of information. The need to rationalize and market government assistance programs for small businesses is highlighted in the article. Sommaire. Cet article présente les conclusions d'une étude récente d'entrepreneurs techniques prospères, propriétaires de petites affaires appartenant au secteur de fabrication secondaire au Canada. L'une des principales raisons de cette étude était d'évaluer la perception qu'ont les entrepreneurs du milieu de l'entreprise, au Canada, afin de déterminer la forme que l'aide gouvemementale canadienne devrait prendre. Entre autres choses, cet article établit un rapport entre les conclusions de cette étude et les débats actuels sur I'élaboration d'une stratégie industrielle pour le Canada, les recommandations dun comité spécial du sénat sur la politique scientifique et l'exploitation de la Corporation pour le développement du Canada. L'auteur propose dans cet article dowe recommandations de politiques qui portent sur les sujets suivants: fourniture de capital spéculatif, fiscalité, fourniture & expertise en gestion et fourniture d'information. Cet article insiste sur la nécessité de rationaliser et de mettre sur le marché des programmes daide gouvernementale pour les petites affaires.     

Development and Pilot of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment

Trauma‐informed practices in the juvenile justice system are increasingly recognized as effective for promoting public safety through case management, rehabilitation, and treatment that is responsive to a traumatic event exposure and current trauma reactions. As court systems explore integration of trauma‐informed practices, tools for identifying best practices and strategically implementing trauma‐informed approaches are integral for judges and court administrators aiming to develop trauma‐informed courts. The current paper reviews the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's development of the Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment (TI‐JCSA). Implications for self‐guided strategies to shift court practices and policies to align with trauma‐informed approaches will be discussed.     

Debt,Incarceration, and Re-entry: a Scoping Review

American Journal of Criminal Justice - People involved with the criminal justice system in the United States are disproportionately low-income and indebted. The experience of incarceration...     

Return of the Volksgeist

Sir Isaiah Berlin, who died in 1997, was a fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. One of the West's foremost political philosophers, he authored several seminal works, including Karl Marx, The Age of Enlightenment, Four Essays on Liberty, Vico and Herder and The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas .
We sat down for several rambling hours of conversation at a cafe in the small harbor in Portofino, Italy, at the end of the summer in 1991.     

Public policy and high technology SMES: The government embrace

Abstract: Governments in industrialized countries are committed to stimulating the formation and growth of innovative, high-technology companies. Canada is no exception. In the course of promoting technology-based enterprises, special relationships often evolve between government as benefactor and small- and medium-sized firms (SMES) as clients. The characteristics of some of the relationships of twenty-nine Canadian SMES, all of whom received substantial government R&D and related support, are examined. The bottom line is that the “government embrace” frequently produces mixed blessings, both for the firms and their founders. Some relationships proved to be costly, particularly in terms of the technology direction which the recipient firms felt obliged to pursue. Equally important, because government policies favour start-up ventures, they may inadvertently encourage entrepreneurial spin-offs from the pioneering firms prior to them becoming viable business organizations. Based of the findings, a number of lessons for policy consideration are drawn, ranging from company-specific incentives to strategic industrial/trade policies critical to the promotion of high-technology companies. Sommaire: Les gouvernements et les pays industrialisés sont déterminés à stimuler la création et l'expansion de sociétés novatrices dans le secteur de la technologie de pointe. Le Canada n'y fait pas exception. Dans le cadre de la promotion de telles entreprises, des relations particulières s'établissent souvent entre le gouvernement comme donateur, et les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), comme bénéficiaires. Cet article se penche sur les caractéristiques de certains de ces rapports gouvernement-entreprise au sein de 29 PME canadiennes qui, toutes, ont reçu un soutien gouvernemental substantiel en fonds de recherche et de développement et en subventions connexes. Le bilan, c'est que bien souvent, ce «rapprochement avec le gouvernement» ne se solde pas seulement par des avantages pour les entreprises et leurs fondateurs. Dans certains cas, les rapports avec le gouvernement s'avèrent coûteux, surtout sur le plan de l'orientation technologique que les bénéficiaires se sentent contraints de suivre. Autre point tout aussi important: comme les politiques gouvernementales favorisent la formation de nouvelles entreprises, il se peut qu'elles encouragent les sociétés pionnières à créer des succursales avant qu'elles-mêmes ne deviennent commercialement viables. Partant de ces observations, l'article tire un certain nombre de leçons utiles pour l'analyse des politiques, à propos de sujets variés allant des stimulants particuliers à une entreprise, jusqu'aux politiques de stratégie industrielle et commerciale critiques pour la promotion des entreprises de technologie de pointe.