利用AP-PCR对柔嫩艾美球虫不同地理株及其杂交株多态性的研究

用随机引物PCR(AP PCR)技术对鸡柔嫩艾美球虫(Eimeria tenella)黑龙江株(H)、山东株(S)及黑龙江株与山东株的杂交株(F1)进行了研究,同时对 2 个不同地理株的子代株与亲代株和F1 株的亲缘关系进行了分析。结果,鸡柔嫩艾美球虫不同地理株之间以及同一地理株的亲代与子代之间存在DNA多态性;并且不同地理株间的种内变异程度较大(Si=0.642 3~0.637 0);同一地理株亲代与子代之间的亲缘关系也稍有改变,但其变异程度不大(Si=0.983 0~0.981 1)。对F1 株的AP PCR分析发现,F1 株与H株、S株的相似值分别为0.692 9、0.682 5,介于H株与S株相似值和传代株间的相似值之间。结果表明,F 株既具有两亲本株的遗传性状,又发生了变异。     

论海商法中国际惯例的性质与地位——兼论对《海商法》第268条和269条的修改

通过对国际惯例的性质分析,认为海商法中的国际惯例是一种任意性规范,不包括强制性规范;是一种实体法意义上的惯例,不包括冲突法上的惯例;是中国海商法的渊源之一。在此基础上,对中国《海商法》的修改与完善提出了建议。     

Forensic analysis of soils using single arbitrarily primed amplification and high throughput sequencing

Soil is a remarkably complex, diverse, ubiquitous, and easily transferred material which can reveal highly useful information to assist forensic investigations. In spite of its potential usefulness, the use of genetic soil analysis appears to be currently underestimated in forensic practice. Herein we report on the use of single arbitrarily primed amplification followed by high throughput sequencing of DNA fragments for the comparison of soil samples. The composition and functional attributes of soil microbial communities from three different locations were compared and shown to be different based on the metagenomic sequencing data obtained.     

谈民事执行制度的改革与完善

多年来,执行难、执行乱一直是困扰人民法院工作的突出问题。尽管造成执行难、执行乱的原因是多方面的,但民事强制执行制度本身的不完善是其中重要的原因。我国制定单独的民事执行法的时机已经成熟。在逐步完善法制的同时,还应该对我国的执行机构进行改革。只有这样,才能从根本上改善执行不力的现状。     

不同方式标记非放射性探针原位杂交效果评价

目的比较不同方式标记非放射性探针的原位杂交效果。方法通过两种方法标记地高辛随机引物DNA探针和反意RNA探针,在大鼠损伤模型的皮肤组织上进行原位杂交。结果两种探针均可满足要求,以反意RNA探针在阳性染色深度和背景方面效果更佳。结论RNA探针在杂交效果方面优于DNA探针。     

Naturalistic decision making in forensic science: toward a better understanding of decision making by forensic team leaders

This study uses the naturalistic decision-making (NDM) perspective to examine how Dutch forensic team leaders (i.e., the officers in charge of criminal forensic research from the crime scene until the use of laboratory assistance) make decisions in real-life settings and identifies the contextual factors that might influence those decisions. First, a focus group interview was conducted to identify four NDM mechanisms in day-to-day forensic decision making. Second, a serious game was conducted to examine the influence of three of these contextual mechanisms. The results uncovered that forensic team leaders (i) were attracted to obtain further information when more information was initially made available, (ii) were likely to devote more attention to emotionally charged cases, and (iii) used not only forensic evidence in the decision making but also tactical, unverified information of the police inquiry. Interestingly, the measured contextual influences did not deviate significantly from a control group of laypeople.     

STR滑脱模型的构建及其影响因素

目的探索建立体外STR滑脱模型,研究STR滑脱产生的影响因素,探讨STR的发生机制。方法首先通过全基因组扩增技术—简并寡核苷酸引物PCR(Degenerateoligonucleotide-primedPCR,DOP)对模板DNA样本进行扩增放大,然后以其产物作为后续STR分析的模板,对以上实验过程中的一系列实验条件进行控制,观察滑脱现象的产生情况。结果初步建立了STR的滑脱模型,观察到了STR滑脱现象的发生。结论STR的发生是一系列综合因素作用的结果,DNA模板用量、MgCl2的浓度、DNA聚合酶的性质、样本以及STR的基序组成等因素均可能参与了这一过程。