加强地理标志法律保护必要性之法理思考

地理标志除与普通商标一样有一定的区别性外,还具有特定的品质表彰功能。由于地理标志自身具有重要的商业价值等原因,各国都十分注重对地理标志进行法律保护。而实践中现存的种种问题以及世贸组织的加入更强调了当前在我国加强地理标志法律保护的必要性。     

论民法研究的命题、方法和结论

民法学包括实践民法学和理论民法学,前者包括民事立法学和民法解释学,后者包括民法哲学、民法社会学、民法史学和民法地理学。民法哲学是抽象化思维,阐释民法存在的根本问题。民法社会学是现实性思维,解释民法存在的社会基础。民法社会学可以细分为民法经济学、民法政治学和民法文化学。民法史学是纵向思维,揭示民法存在的时间性。民法地理学是横向思维,诠释民法存在的地域性。实践民法学的研究,要顺应立法中心主义向司法中心主义的转型,要实现民法规范与公法规范的协调,为规范民法学的发展作出贡献。理论民法学的研究,应当广泛借鉴其他社会科学的研究成果,尽可能构建理论模型,预设更多的行为类型,为民法学流派多元化作出贡献。     

What has the Brexit Process done to Scotch Whisky?

The United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union does not have any impact on Scotch whisky itself: Brexit or not, Scotch whisky is Scotch whisky. However, it features more prominently in the Brexit negotiations than, for example, beer. This is because Scotch whisky is a highly export‐oriented product which brings large economic benefits to the UK—particularly Scotland—and its brand is protected by the international regime of intellectual property rights protection, especially, by the geographical indications regime championed by the EU. Moreover, the Brexit negotiations have led to the resurfacing of another political issue which affects Scotch whisky: Scottish independence. As a strong territorial brand, the constitutional status of Scotland is highly relevant to Scotch whisky and the investigation into the impact of the Brexit process on Scotch whisky has highlighted the inter‐connectedness of various political issues.     

Reconsidering Peer Influences on Delinquency: Do Less Proximate Contacts Matter?

Much research on adolescent delinquency pivots on the notion of peer influence. The peer effect that is typically employed emphasizes the transmission of behaviors and attitudes between adolescents who are directly linked. In this paper, we argue that to rely solely on those direct social ties to capture peer influence oversimplifies the realities of adolescent society. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to show that indirect peer relations can exercise independent influences on adolescent delinquency. Adolescents actively draw on the examples of friends of friends, and even more distal peers, as they develop their repertoires of action and identity. We argue, however, that this behavior actually reflects adolescents’ ongoing struggle to impress their closest friends and to preserve their social circle. Indeed, the extent to which adolescents are willing to model the behavior of indirect contacts seems to decline as that behavior becomes more dissimilar from that of their close friends. Our findings dovetail with an account of the adolescent as a rational actor who struggles for social acceptance in a complex peer environment which offers conflicting behavioral models.

The conditional impact of winner/loser status and ideological proximity on citizen participation

Many scholars have investigated the relationship between ideological orientations and mass participation, and there is also a growing number of studies comparing political attitudes and behaviour between electoral winners and losers. This article seeks to bring together these two strands of literature with respect to political participation, focusing on the interaction between citizens’ winner/loser status and ideological distance from their government. Analysis of data from 34 countries highlights the importance of this interactive effect: while previous works suggest that losers have a greater propensity to take part in political activities, it is shown here that this relationship holds true only when losers occupy a position along the left‐right spectrum distant from the government. Furthermore, while the hypothesised interactive effect is empirically confirmed for turnout, the magnitude of its impact is much greater for more costly modes of participation such as contacting, campaigning and protesting     

中、俄、蒙三国的油气合作

中国处于石油资源相对贫乏的东亚西太平洋区域,总体石油资源不足;俄罗斯东西伯利亚和远东地区的石油和天然气储量丰富,蒙古石油矿藏集中在中蒙两国边界地区,这为中、俄、蒙的油气合作提供了可能,并且从蒙古直接穿过进入中国的中俄石油管道是最近、最安全的线路。从未来发展的趋势看,中国可积极利用俄蒙的资源投资与合作,参与输气、输油管道的建设,拓宽和夯实中俄油气合作的经济基础。     

透过大学生宿舍看地域文化差异对同学关系的影响

不同地域文化丰富了大学校园生活,也对同学问关系的适应发展产生了影响。了解地域文化对同学关系适应影响的发展阶段和规律,可以了解学生在文化冲突和融合过程中存在的问题,促进和谐校园建设。     

内蒙古产品地理标志保护的现状、特征及其发展思路

内蒙古地理标志保护工作起步较晚,但发展迅速。截止2010年12月31日,内蒙古地区通过国家农业部、国家质检总局和国家商标局三种认证途径共取得了35件地理标志注册。内蒙古地区在地理标志保护工作中存在着如下不足：保护模式单一,人文因素产品不受重视,区域发展不平衡。保护品种不全面．涵盖范围过窄,国际市场没有得到应有的开拓。针对以上问题,内蒙古地区地理标志保护工作应从以下几个方面着手：积极实施整体发展战略,实现地理标志控制主体的科学化,建立地理标志保护的考评和奖励制度。与绿色食品的发展思路相结合。     

The development of a filter model for prioritising suspects in burglary offences

Abstract

This paper discusses the development of a filter model for prioritizing possible links in dwelling burglary. The filters utilize the central aspects of crime scene information that is available and accessible to investigators in burglary, namely geo-spatial, temporal, behavioural, and dwelling information. The proposed filters were analysed using a sample of 215 dwelling burglaries committed by 43 serial burglars (i.e. 5 offences each) in order to determine the sequence in which the filters should be considered in prioritizing possible linked offences. The results indicated that the following order (i.e. better performance to worse performance) was most effective at linking offences, utilizing: (1) geo-spatial information, (2) temporal aspects, (3) behavioural information and, lastly, (4) dwelling characteristics. Specifically, the results indicated that offences in close proximity to one another should be given priority. Further, any offence occurring within a 28-day span before or after the index offence should be given priority. The paper argues that behavioural and dwelling characteristics are less effective for linking than geo-spatial and temporal information because the former two aspects are influenced significantly by situational and contextual cues on offender decision-making.