卡多佐的实用主义真理观——读《司法过程的性质》

对于卡多佐,学界基本上认同他是一个实用论者.但是,如果单从社会效用论的实用观出发,我们很难理解在卡多佐的司法观念中对法官精英化意识和遵循先例的强调,两者与社会效用至上的实用观存有一定的冲突.通过对《司法过程的性质》进行分析,并结合符合论和融贯论的基本理论,指出卡多佐的实用主义或实用论的真理观并非是绝对的社会效用至上理论,而是对符合论和融贯论之优点的综合借鉴,所以社会效用与法官精英化意识和遵循先例观念并存.     

Resilience as the new EU foreign policy paradigm: a pragmatist turn?

This article examines the rise of resilience discourses in EU foreign policy. The European Union Global Strategy (EUGS) refers to building state and societal resilience in its neighbourhood as one of the key strategic priorities of the EU. This article argues that the discourse of resilience that permeates the EUGS chimes well with a pragmatist turn in social sciences and global governance. The EUGS introduces resilience-building alongside an emphasis on flexibility, tailor-made approaches and the need for local ownership, capacity-building and comprehensiveness. More importantly, the new EUGS proposes “principled pragmatism” as a new operating principle in its foreign policy. While this might suggest a more pragmatic EU foreign policy, a closer examination of the EUGS discourse reveals significant tensions between a pragmatic and a principled foreign policy, which undermine the added value of resilience-building as a new foreign policy paradigm.     

习惯法研究中的“实用主义”倾向之反思

当前我国习惯法研究中充满着日益强烈的实用主义价值诉求与愈益精细的制度设想．这固然有其积极的实践意义和制度优化作用，但也存在“实用主义”倾向等诸多偏颇，制约了我国习惯法研究的深层次发展。究其原因在于大多数的习惯法研究者过于简单化地以西方的“实用主义”为依据和标准．既忽略了对“实用主义”内涵的深层理解和消化吸收，又没有把握习惯法的内在理路。为此，在今后的习惯法研究中，应结合全球化的时代背景，回到“实用主义”哲学的生成语境，从习惯法的内在理路来进行研究。     

科学根本动力:理论兴趣还是实用精神?——兼论中国古代科学的文化之根

社会的实用精神不但促使社会为科学家中的绝大多数提供职业和事业的经济保障从而维持了他们的科学工作,而且是科学家理论兴趣的主要支撑,理论兴趣是社会的实用精神衍生的副产品;在科学发展中,注重实用为科学准备了认知基础、衍生了理论问题、规定了研究方法。实用精神是科学根本动力。中国古代科学迟滞是社会实用精神严重畸形的结果。     

法律实用主义方法视角下的检察工作科学发展

科学发展是检察工作践行科学发展观、实现法律监督职能的体现。作为一种司法哲学,法律实用主义推崇行动的价值、强调实际工作成效,主张能动的司法行为,关注社会的最终目的性需求,其合理内核为探究检察工作科学发展提供了方法视角。借鉴法律实用主义的方法去审视检察工作的现状与未来,认识检察工作科学发展的内涵与衡量标准,排除阻碍检察工作科学发展的障碍因素,践行于具体的检察行动,才能取得检察工作的实际成效、实现科学发展。     

实用主义审判:一种结果导向的判决理论——读麦考密克《法律推理与法律理论》

与强调“依法裁判”的严格适法模式不同的是,英美法学理论推崇一种强调“后果考量”的实用主义审判哲学,即法官以判决可能导致的结果为依据而非绝时按照制定法规则决定裁判的内容。这种司法哲学由于违背了立法和司法的分权关系等理论而引起了很多严厉的理论批判。但是不容否认的是,实用主义审判哲学在各国司法实践中都实际地存在着,对于过于压制法官裁量权限的大陆法系国家而言,如果控制得当,实用主义司法甚至能起到诸多有益的功能,并可以借其消解严格适法模式带来的某些僵化之处。     

Heidegger's Political Philosophy and the Theory of the Liberal State

The paper explores Martin Heidegger's political philosophy and its relation to the theory and ethical foundations of the liberal state. It first reconstructs the key doctrines of Heidegger's philosophy formulated in Being and Time. It then turns to Heidegger's later philosophy after the famous turning and investigates its relation to the fundamental ontology of Heidegger's earlier years. In a third step, Heidegger's much discussed Nazism and its link - by some commentators fervently defended and by others passionately denied — to his philosophy is the focus of attention. The findings about Heidegger's philosophy are then critically assessed: firstly as to their philosophical merits concerning fundamental questions of epistemology, ontology or philosophical anthropology and secondly as to their relations to the ethical and theoretical foundations of the liberal state. As a result some proposals are made as to whether or not it is justified to regard Heidegger's work as part of the darker legacies of European thought. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Study on Richard Shusterman's Philosophy of Art

Shusterman's philosophy of art based on the pragmatism philosophy and the reconstruction of aesthetic experience, and with “inclusively disjunctive stance” as its theoretical method reinterpreted the issues such as “the end of art” and the definition of art and the popular art and so on. His philosophy of art focused on strengthening the understanding and experience of art. It also emphasized the continuity between art and life, so it reflected the vivid and pragmatic color.     

Interview with Nathalie Tocci on the Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy

The Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy, “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe”, presented at the European Council on 24 June 2016 by Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the Commission, was drafted by Nathalie Tocci, Deputy Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) and co-editor of The International Spectator. 

Given the importance of the document, we asked Nathalie for an interview and 18 foreign policy experts from around the world to comment on it.     

推导作为诉讼证明的逻辑

关于证据与证明的传统哲学与逻辑理论存在着实践缺陷,形式逻辑中的演绎和归纳推理不能合理解释依证据进行的事实认定。证据的作用不可能是回复案件真相,而只是为特定假设提供支持。推导作为一种可废止和情境化的第三种类型的推理是契合诉讼事实认定的逻辑形式,这种内容求真的推理与形式逻辑上的演绎及归纳推理有着本质的区别。推导理论的提出会对传统证据法理论形成冲击,从这一角度我们会对证明标准与证明责任、直接证据与间接证据、表见证明与摸索证明、事实推定与经验法则等概念与问题形成新的认识。理解案件事实认定过程的推导本质,并对其缺陷有足够的认识,才能在实践中谨慎论证与比较各种假设,以全面的信息检验假设以避免最终的误认。