Socio-economic determinants of the family history of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Pakistan

This article aims to assess the role of important socio-economic factors in the family history of tuberculosis patients in Pakistan. Data were collected from 269 patients, and a logistic regression was used to determine the association between risk factors and the vicious circle of TB. Results of the logistic model show that significant risk factors associated with TB history in patients were education, household size, house structure, rooms in the home, room ventilation, monthly income, income food sufficiency, smoking, diabetes, and heart disease. The current TB control programme needs to formulate strategies to target specific risk factors and poverty reduction simultaneously to break the vicious circle of tuberculosis.     

Whole-person health and development: two South Indian initiatives

ABSTRACT

In responding to the 2016 reformulation of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, the development community’s efforts are focused on a sweep of initiatives aiming to promote whole-society, sustainable development. The ambition of the SDGs is inspiring, but also daunting, and does not always sit easily within national models of economic development. This viewpoint profiles two organisations in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, that have decades of experience in whole-person development among scheduled tribes and disability communities. Both organisations serve as timely examples of ongoing holistic, whole-person health and development in the context of new ideals and economic realities.     

《永久性残损评定指南（第六版）》实践应用指南

本文以美国医学会《永久性残损评定指南（第六版）》为基础,介绍了在美国司法实践中,应用功能丧失比例评价人体功能丧失程度的关键概念、原则和基本原理。以期为我国法医临床学研究、借鉴《永久性残损评定指南》进行残损评定提供依据。     

Community rehabilitation workers as catalysts for disability: inclusive youth development through service learning

This paper explores access to health and education for disabled youth in sites with and without community rehabilitation workers (CRWs). A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was undertaken in nine sites in South Africa, and a snowball sample of 523 disabled youths of both sexes, aged between 18 and 35 years, was selected. The survey found that a significantly larger proportion of disabled youth living in sites with CRWs were seen by health care workers at home, and that there was a large difference in educational access between sites with and without CRWs. CRWs are well positioned to promote equal citizenship for disabled youth through service learning with occupational therapy final year students to improve access to health and education, so that barriers to their participation in economic development are removed.     

Social and economic inclusion of people with disabilities: practical lessons from Bangladesh

People with disabilities remain one of the most excluded minorities, often deprived of the benefits of mainstream development programmes. This practical note reports on lessons learnt in delivering a programme combining a community based rehabilitation (CBR) and self-help group approach with disabled persons in rural Bangladesh. Our findings demonstrate how targeted programmes can bring about the social and economic inclusion of disabled persons. We also highlight the greater effectiveness of CBR programmes when targeting a more diverse client base, when not based on debt recovery, and how targeted programmes can even benefit the wider community.     

Introduction: disability,partnership, and family across time and space

ABSTRACT

Notions of family life and romantic partnership, like notions of disability, have been culturally constructed and socially produced over historical time, and our understandings of these notions are being continually challenged and re-negotiated across time and space. Policies, institutions, and cultural practices across the globe have brought about changes to the construction of the family and to the rights and inclusion of disabled people in private and public life. This special issue brings together a collection of studies from different countries and time periods to explore the interplay between disability, romantic partnerships, and family life across the individual lifetime and between generations. With this interdisciplinary collection, we seek to merge disability research and research on family and partnerships through a life course lens. This offers unique insights and opportunities to interconnect historical and cultural location and changing social institutions with individual and family experiences. This introduction presents the eight studies in the collection and discusses them within a life course frame that views disabled people’s roles as partners, spouses, and members of a family. In so doing, it engages in an analysis of (dis)similarities concerning how family dynamics, romantic relationships, and disability have developed over time and in different spaces.     

Family Law,Parents with Disabilities,and the Americans with Disabilities Act

Parents with disabilities contend with bias within the family law system, often threatening their custody and visitation rights. The overarching goal of this article is to explore the experiences of parents with disabilities involved in custody and visitation disputes and the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in these cases. This article begins with an overview of parents with disabilities and their interactions with the family law system. Next, the article examines the ADA and its applicability to custody and visitation disputes. Finally, the article offers thoughts about strategies that can be utilized by attorneys to ensure that the rights of parents with disabilities are protected.     

颅脑损伤后昏迷与社会活动、生活功能的相关性探讨

目的研究颅脑损伤后格拉斯哥昏迷指数（GCS）评分、昏迷时间与社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）值、日常生活活动能力评价表（ADL）值的相关性。方法选取常州市德安医院司法鉴定所及苏州大学司法鉴定所颅脑损伤被鉴定人281例,详细记录损伤部位、损伤程度、昏迷时间、GCS评分,是否手术治疗、是否为多发伤;同时应用SDSS量表及ADL量表评分,并进行统计分析。结果 GCS评分与颅脑损伤6个月后SDSS值低度相关,与ADL值中度相关;昏迷时间与颅脑损伤6个月后SDSS值低度相关,与ADL高度相关。结论 GCS评分及昏迷时间与颅脑损伤后ADL值、SDSS值具有一定的相关性,对颅脑损伤司法鉴定具有一定的参考价值。     

Hacia un modelo de atención a la discapacidad basado en los derechos humanos

The social model of disability is presented as a new paradigm of the recent disability treatment, that has had theoretical and legal current development. It is a model that considers that the origins of disability are not either religious or scientific, but social in a great measure. From this new perspective, it is emphasized that the population with disability can contribute to the society in the same circumstances that the rest of the population, which integrates the society, all this from a valorization of the inclusion perspective and respect of diversity. This model is closely related with certain essential values which underline the human rights, such as human dignity, individual freedom and equality; all these conduce to a decrease of barriers and lead to a social inclusion that sets basis to principles as: personal autonomy, nondiscrimination, universal accessibility, environmental normalization, civil dialogue, inter alia. The premise is that disability is part of a social construction, and it is not the deficiency created by the society itself what limits and prevents people with disability to be included, to decide or to design autonomously their own life plan with opportunity equality.     

法医临床学与新冠疾病有关的鉴定问题及思考

2020年1月爆发新型冠状病毒,由疫情引发的各种问题引起社会各界高度重视,疫情过后,相关法律争议会有出现。本文针对疫情可能带来的法医临床鉴定相关问题予以思考,给出了法医临床学鉴定流程管理以及鉴定机构法律风险防控的基本思路。关于人身损害赔偿及工伤补偿中的伤残评定问题,作者具体梳理了7个可能相关的鉴定标准,并指出,肺功能障碍的条款是我们需要重点关注的内容。面对因疫情爆发而引发的医疗损害鉴定问题,作者认为,针对特殊时期的医患纠纷,鉴定人在评价医方的专家注意义务时,应充分考量各种影响因素,提倡对医疗行为相对宽松的处理原则,宜适用合理医师标准(即Bolam标准),来体现对医疗行业的尊重。本文针对新冠疾病疫情可能带来的法医学鉴定问题给予了建议和解决路径,旨在为疫情过后鉴定工作提供新思路。