当代发达国家地方治理的兴起

不可逆转的经济全球化给地方治理的要求以深刻地影响。一方面 ,经济全球化不仅仅压迫、促使民族国家选择并大力推动地方治理的模式 ,建构更富有弹性和回应能力的地方组织体系 ,另一方面 ,经济全球化留给地方一系列的公共问题 ,也决定着地方治理实现的目标和治理方式。     

Energy policy under austerity localism: what role for local authorities?

In the UK, local authorities (LAs) have been placed at the forefront of domestic energy-reduction strategies as the responsible actors for coordinating policy in this sector. Yet, there has been little research regarding the role of LAs in this policy agenda, and their abilities to bring together stakeholders in the successful design and implementation of strategies to reduce energy demands. The paper aims to fill this gap by highlighting the relevance and importance of the energy policy sphere to local government studies, building on the idea of resilient LAs within the context of tensions between the localism agenda and the actual implementation of energy efficiency polices. This is achieved through multiple rounds of semi-structured interviews with LA officers. Our findings reveal that LAs, operating under a localism agenda, lack the freedoms and resources from central government to meet the needs of multiple stakeholders, resorting to short-term policies.     

论我国地方政府间合作存在问题及解决途径

加强地方政府间合作是公共行政改革的趋势,也是当前行政科学研究的热点。有关地方治理的理念,由旧地方主义向新地方主义转变。回顾了相关的研究文献,总结了地方政府间合作存在问题的宏观分析框架,认为本位主义下的地方保护、尚未建立有效的合作协调机制、缺乏相关法律与制度的保障、财政经费分担问题是地方政府间合作的主要现存问题。针对这些问题,就完善地方政府间合作的途径与措施,从政治、管理、法制3个层面进行设计与创新,并系统介绍和总结了美国地方政府间合作的几种典型管理模式。     

Thinking about the ‘Local’ of Local Government: a Brief History of Invention and Reinvention

In 2004, Local Government Studies published an article in which I reflected on the implications of new Labour’s modernisation agenda for the remaking of local government and the reshaping of the welfare state. Here I return to some of the issues raised in that paper in the different context of localism, austerity and dreams of urban entrepreneurialism. I argue that exploring the changing meanings of the local, as a contested political as well as geographical category, is a fundamental task for those of us seeking to understand the nature of contemporary local government; the wider processes of state restructuring which frame it; and the possibilities of local politics.     

地方保护主义的成因和解决之道

地方保护主义本质上是地方政府和执法机关为保护局部利益牺牲法制统一、滥用权力的结果 ;各地方作为独立利益主体受经济利益的不当驱动是其产生根源 ,现行立法、行政执法、行政审判等法律制度的不完善则是重要成因 ;应当从严格行政执法、加强地方行政执法机关的独立性、建立有效的对行政不作为的监督制度和科学的行政违法责任追究制度、完善行政处罚与刑罚的衔接、合理配置行政强制执行权及改革行政审判体制等方面克服和防范地方保护主义。