医疗卫生信息化法治建设研究

随着我国医疗卫生信息化的纵深发展,在临床管理信息系统和远程医疗的应用正逐渐成熟而趋于智能化进程的同时,网络安全隐患、信息外泄、违法谋利及违背医学伦理和医德等问题,不同程度地降低了患者满意度和信任度,有损于在广大就医者群体才树立起的我国现代高科技医疗信息化的整体形象。因此有必要加强卫生信息化的网络安全监控,重点研究和完善国家和地方相关的卫生信息化法治建设,依法有效防范远程会诊信息被非法读取的风险;依法遏制为本医药机构谋取不当利益而外泄的信息数据;依法取缔发布虚假、带有欺诈性的医疗电子网络信息、医学图像的广告等非法行为,从而使医疗卫生信息化系统工程的建设朝着更为完善、健康和高速的方向发展。     

西部卫生法律法规研究

本文是由中国社会科学院法学所夏勇、刘瀚老师所主持的中央项目——《西部开发法律法规研究》的内容之一。它从中央立法与地方立法两个级别、多个层次出发,对与我国西部开发有关的卫生法律法规进行了全面的整理与分析,以期从立法角度促进我国西部卫生法律法规的完善。     

论科学发展观指导下的和谐卫生建设——关于卫生结构调整之于公平可及性的思考

经济社会发展的终极目标是人的健康与幸福。本研究力求以科学发展观为指导，通过把握现实而具终极意义的卫生发展方向，探寻卫生结构失衡所致的去功能化历史成因；探索健康合目的性与卫生合规律性的和谐统一；探讨“上中压西”地调整卫生结构之资源有效利用的目标；探求实现符合中国国情的健康公平可及目的的有效途径。     

Dental hygiene students' matching accuracy when comparing antemortem dental radiographs and oral photographs to simulated postmortem WinID3® odontograms

Matching dental antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) data for human identification is especially challenging when the workforce is limited. Dental hygienists have served mass fatality incidents (MFIs) due to dental-related expertise. However, forensics within dental hygiene education and research on transferable skills is limited. This qualitative balance design study assessed senior dental hygiene students' match accuracy of simulated cases varying in dental identifiers based on AM full mouth series (FMS) radiographs and oral photographs to PM WinID3^® odontograms to demonstrate possible disaster victim identification (DVI) transferable skills gained during formal education. A convenience sample of senior dental hygiene students (n = 31) was presented information on WinID3^® interpretation, then presented with 5 mismatched cases and asked to visually interpret each to make 10 total matches; five based on AM FMS with simulated PM WinID3^® odontograms and five based on AM photographs with PM WinID3^® odontograms. Match accuracy scores ranged from 41.9% to 58.1% for cases with 1–10 identifiers, and 77.4% to 93.5% for cases with 11–40 identifiers. Accuracy when matching AM radiographs to PM odontograms versus AM photographs to PM odontograms was compared and revealed no statistical differences in match accuracy depending on image type (p = 0.388 to 1.000). Results of this pilot study suggests transferable match accuracy skills resulted from the participants' dental hygiene formal education. These baseline skills with additional specialized training support the rationale for dental hygienists serving on DVI teams. More research is needed in education and practice when preparing dental hygienists for forensic-based service.     

俄罗斯人口健康问题初探

20世纪90年代至今,俄罗斯出现了严重的人口危机,不仅人口数量下降,人口的健康状况也存在很多问题,如居民的卫生条件差、饮食营养结构缺乏科学性、日常生活习惯不健康等。俄罗斯联邦政府努力加大医生的培养力度、增加医疗卫生拨款、提高社会福利待遇、改善人民生活、倡导健康生活方式、努力延长人口平均寿命。     

医政监督执法中的焦点问题分析及解决对策

通过对2006年青岛市卫生监督所医政执法监督处罚的93例违反《医疗机构管理条例》和《母婴保健法》案例的分析,可见其中最为显著的违法问题是医疗机构存在使用非卫生技术人员的现象,占到全部处罚案例的87%。成为卫生医政监督执法中的焦点问题。依法界定执法职责,梳理执法依据,分解执法职权,确定执法责任,是医政执法监督面临的重大课题。     

Haptics in forensics: The possibilities and advantages in using the haptic device for reconstruction approaches in forensic science

Non-invasive documentation methods such as surface scanning and radiological imaging are gaining in importance in the forensic field. These three-dimensional technologies provide digital 3D data, which are processed and handled in the computer. However, the sense of touch gets lost using the virtual approach. The haptic device enables the use of the sense of touch to handle and feel digital 3D data. The multifunctional application of a haptic device for forensic approaches is evaluated and illustrated in three different cases: the representation of bone fractures of the lower extremities, by traffic accidents, in a non-invasive manner; the comparison of bone injuries with the presumed injury-inflicting instrument; and in a gunshot case, the identification of the gun by the muzzle imprint, and the reconstruction of the holding position of the gun.The 3D models of the bones are generated from the Computed Tomography (CT) images. The 3D models of the exterior injuries, the injury-inflicting tools and the bone injuries, where a higher resolution is necessary, are created by the optical surface scan.The haptic device is used in combination with the software FreeForm Modelling Plus™ for touching the surface of the 3D models to feel the minute injuries and the surface of tools, to reposition displaced bone parts and to compare an injury-causing instrument with an injury.The repositioning of 3D models in a reconstruction is easier, faster and more precisely executed by means of using the sense of touch and with the user-friendly movement in the 3D space. For representation purposes, the fracture lines of bones are coloured. This work demonstrates that the haptic device is a suitable and efficient application in forensic science. The haptic device offers a new way in the handling of digital data in the virtual 3D space.     

完善我国食品安全法律体系初探

当前,我国的食品安全现状不容乐观。本文在对我国现行食品安全法律进行客观分析的基础上,结合西方发达国家的有益经验,就我国食品安全法律体系的完善,提出了相应的建议。     

派发超保质期食品案引起的思考

通过一起超保质期食品投诉案件的调查,引发对非生产经营食品“违法”行为处理的争议。由于《食品卫生法》在公益派送食品卫生管理上的空白,使对违规食品的处理无法可依。本案经分析争议要点和难点的处理,提出对公益派送食品卫生管理立法的建议,以完善《食品卫生法》。     

Indian Citizenship and the Discourse of Hygiene/Disease in Nineteenth‐Century Peru

Citizenship had become conflated with 'race' in late nineteenth century Latin America partly on account of the new language of biological science. This article focuses on the contest between rights of belonging and rights of citizenship as played out in a provincial town in Andean Peru during the late nineteenth century. In particular, it explores how by drawing on a discourse of hygiene/disease a provincial elite was able to restrict access to public space in the town and thus deny 'Indians' the possibility of participating as citizens in urban political life.