中国汉族与日本群体DYFl55S1基因座的遗传多态性

目的探讨Y染色体DYF155S1基因座的遗传多态性及群体间差异。方法 应用MVR-PCR、荧光显谱及DNA序列分析技术,对来自中国群体(北方汉族,64例)和日本群体(43例)男性个体的DYF155S1基因座进行初步分析。结果107例样本共检出了5种重复序列类型,包括新的命名为6型的重复序列,它是在1型的基础上T22A置换所形成,仅存在于日本群体,可作为民族特征性遗传标记。2群体重复序列的排列方式以3134顺序为主,在中国和日本群体中各占73.44％和67.44％,是黄种人的特点。134顺序在中国群体中占第二位,为17.19％,6134排列占日本群体的16.28％。3’端的4型重复序列的平均数目在日本群体为8.8条,明显低于中国群体的12.5条。结论DYF155S1基因座具有非常高的遗传多态性和明显的群体差异。     

新Y-STR基因座DYS709在汉族人群中的遗传多态性调查

目的筛选新的Y-STR基因座,调查其在汉族人群中的等位基因频率分布,评价其在法医学及其它方面的应用价值。方法在Y染色体基因组DNA中查找候选基因座,在重复顺序两端设计引物,PCR扩增后用银染法显示结果。结果一个重复单位为CTTT的Y-STR基因座DYS709被发现。在102例汉族无关男性个体血样中共检出了7个等位基因。基因多样性为0.7063,个人识别能力(PD)和非父排除率(PE)均为0.7063。结论新筛选到的DYS709具有较高的遗传多态性,在法医学及人类遗传学方面具有应用价值。     

Y染色体单核苷酸多态性及其在刑事侦查中的应用价值

寻找和研究SNP已成为后基因组时代研究的重要内容和目标。Y染色体的拟常染色体非重组区段的SNP标记,是目前公认的研究早期人类进化和迁移以及法医学应用最理想的工具。Y染色体单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分型和检测方法的发展,决定了它能被广泛运用于刑事侦查当中。Y染色体的命名、标记和分类等技术分析方法有待进一步地发展,以提高其识别的规范性与稳定性。     

Molecular characterization of a null allele at locus DXS8378

Typing of X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in a deficiency paternity case revealed a single Mendelian incompatibility between a female child and her putative grandmother, consisting of an opposite homozygosity at locus DXS8378. The presence of a null allele due to a primer binding site mutation on the child's paternally inherited X chromosome was confirmed by amplification with newly designed DXS8378 external primers. Sequencing analysis showed a point mutation (C > T transition at position 168, according to GenBank accession G08098) in the binding site of the original DXS8378 reverse primer.     

Y chromosome J2 subtyping in an Italian sample: Population and forensic implications

In the recent years the Y chromosome genealogy has been refined by a number of newly discovered SNPs. The non-random distribution of the Y chromosome lineages worldwide makes fundamental the dissection and characterisation of haplogroups associated with specific geographic areas. In Southern Europe the haplogroup J2, as defined by the M172 marker, can reach frequencies up to 35%, making the dissection of such lineage critical for population studies. Here we present a study on J2 chromosomes from the Italian peninsula. Populations and forensic implications are discussed. A total of 900 individuals were previously genotyped for a number of SNPs, including M172. More than 200 of these have been now genotyped for 7 SNPs within the J2 lineage using a multiplex SNaPshot approach. The different distribution of the various lineages in different geographic areas probably reflects different historical demographic events and points to differential Y chromosome haplotype distribution, with implication for forensic application of this genetic marker.     

从“1＋X”到“营销式”警务的探索与实践

构建和谐警民关系是公安工作的立足点和着力点，同时也是一门关系营销的学问。江山市公安局自实施“1＋X”警务分级管理模式以来，较好地解决了“谁做”的问题，而“营销式”警务正是解决“怎么做”的课题。它所倡导的是“主动警务”理念，着力于提高警务区民警做群众工作的能力和水平。“营销式”警务强调，顺应民需，练好内部营销；广聚民智，强化外部营销；巧借民力，深化借力型营销。     

显带染色体电子计算机辅助分析

应用委托开发的软件“中国人群区带染色体辅助分析系统”对国人染色体G带相片进行电子计算机分析。结果显示，该软件能有效快速地记录各个体核型，并能对不同个体来源的相同序号的染色体作直观比较．为染色体多态性应用于亲子鉴定创造了良好条件．     

口蹄疫病毒多基因片段的克隆及其杆状病毒表达载体的构建

根据定点突变原理获得了包含口蹄疫病毒P1、2A、3C、3D及部分 2B编码区的目的基因片段 ,经SpeⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后 ,与经相同方法处理的杆状病毒转移载体 pFastBacHT连接 ,得到了重组质粒 pFB P12X3C3D。经酶切和测序鉴定后 ,将其转化入含穿梭载体Bacmid的感受态细胞DH10Bac ,经抗性及蓝白斑筛选 ,得到了含P12X3C3D多基因的重组穿梭载体 ,将其命名为Bacmid P12X3C3D ;提取其DNA并转染Sf9昆虫细胞 ,最后获得含口蹄疫病毒P12X3C3D多基因的重组杆状病毒。     

Understanding Variations of Soil Mapping Units and Associated Data for Forensic Science

Soil samples have potential to be useful in forensic investigations, but their utility may be limited due to the inherent variability of soil properties, the wide array of analytical methods, and complexity of data analysis. This study examined the differentiation of similar soils based on both gross (texture, color, mineralogy) and explicit soil properties (elemental composition, cation exchange, Fe‐oxyhydroxides). Soils were collected from Fallbrook and adjacent map units from Riverside and San Diego Counties in California. Samples were characterized using multiple techniques, including chemical extracts, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results were analyzed using multiple analytical approaches to compare counties and land uses. Some analyses (XRD, extractions) were better at distinguishing among samples than others (color, texture). Ratios of rare earth elements were particularly useful for distinguishing samples between counties. This potential to “fingerprint” soils illustrates the usefulness of a comprehensive soil database for criminal investigators.     

9个Y-STR基因座荧光复合扩增系统的法医学应用

目的建立9个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增系统,提高Y-STR的法医学检测效能。方法6-FAM标记DYS434、Y-GATA-A10、DYS438、DYS439,HEX标记DYS531、DYS557、DYS448,TAMRA标记DYS456、DYS444引物,PCR复合扩增,毛细管电泳得到结果,考察扩增系统的个体识别能力、灵敏度、特异性、组织同一性。结果所建立的9个Y-STR复合扩增系统分型清晰,单倍型多样性达0.9968,特异性好,灵敏度高(0.5ngDNA),并且在男女混合斑检验上较常染色体STR分型更有优势。结论9个Y-STR复合扩增系统具有较高的识别能力,对建立Y染色体STR数据库,研究群体遗传学和进行法医学混合斑物证鉴定有重要意义。