中国基层农村社会中的法治结构分析--从中国农村的乡土性看民间法的法治意义

乡土社会是对中国基层农村社会的本质特征所作的一种概括.乡土社会中的法治结构是国家法与民间法并存的法治二元结构.在现代化法治建设中,我们必须考虑到中国乡土社会的现实状况,在法治二元结构中研究国家法与民间法的相互关系,在重视国家立法的基础上,充分挖掘民间法的法治意义,探索出一条真正适合中国国情的法治发展模式.     

遥控反能动二元起爆爆炸模拟装置的研究

文章首次详细论述了遥控反能动二元起爆爆炸模拟装置的原理、制作以及工作方式,针对此类装置所具有的遥控反能动功能,提出安全排除工作中的要点,在爆炸装置日趋复杂化、先进化的今天,为爆炸装置的安全处置及复原分析工作提供了理论指导。     

进城务工人员在二元劳动力市场中的地位与工会的维权思路

在我国社会双重转型时期,劳动力资源配置方面呈现两大特征:一是农村人口城镇化速度加快;二是在城镇形成二元劳动力市场。大量进城务工人员滞留在下层的“次属劳动力市场”,成为“新型工资劳动者”,其合法权益不断受到严重侵犯。其后果是,在全社会劳动力职业结构趋于高级化的同时,城镇底层劳动力群体扩张并构成“沉淀”的劳动力供给群。为促进建立和谐、稳定的劳动关系,工会要站在促进城乡整体协调发展、维护职工长远利益的高度积极推动政府加快配套改革,稳步有序地消除进城务工人员融入城镇、公平就业竞争的制度性制约因素。     

法治改革的方法论问题

依改革思路所包含的元素多少以及倾向性的政策主张的不同,可以大致把过去30年关于中国法律改革研究划分为一元直线式的改革思路、二元协调式的改革思路与多元协调式的改革思路。此三种法律改革思路,尽管在实际政策主张上可能存在重大分歧,但在知识层面上不是一种相互矛盾或对立的关系,而是一种基础性支持和递进扩展的关系。随着考虑元素的增加,法律改革思路的复杂性呈递增趋势,与实践操作的距离也有可能相对拉近。就目前中国的法律改革现状和趋势看,特别是从中国法治发展战略的宏观层面看,适度提倡和推进多元协调式的法律改革思路问题研究,无论对于拓宽法学的研究方向,或是对于中国的法治实践,都已经显出了某种必要性和迫切性。     

Covenant of Mayors: Reasons for Being an Environmentally and Energy Friendly Municipality

The Covenant of Mayors (CM) is the mainstream European movement involving local authorities who voluntarily commit to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources within their territories with the aim of reducing CO₂ emissions and meet the European Union objectives by 2020. One country that has a greater number of signatories of this agreement is Spain. This article analyzes which factors influence the decision of Spanish local authorities to join the ever‐growing movement. An empirical model is formulated to describe the behavior of Spanish local governments, this being a binary choice model which is a function of various political, economic, and technical factors. Among the prominent factors that influence this decision are population, availability of renewable energy, fiscal and environmental stress, citizens’ political preference, the contagion effect of neighboring municipalities, the existence of covenant coordinators, and finally, economic motivations.     

中国城乡结合部土地规制改进的探讨

目前,在土地转性和用途更改集中的城乡结合部,呈现出土地利用的粗放式、低效率、违法违规等问题,表明现有的土地规制政策有其内在缺陷,不能有效地遏制耕地资源的减少。因此,应当从明晰土地产权,完善土地征用的法律制度、程序、管理体制,加强市场机制作用等方面进行城乡结合部土地规制的改进。     

挑战民事主体二元结构的帝王之位

民事主体制度的历史演变在形式上主要经历了由家族到个人再到自然人与法人并存的发展过程.随着社会的发展变化,出现了许多新的市场主体.民事主体的传统判断标准也受到新标准的冲击.民事主体二元结构将面临前所未有的挑战.包括合伙在内的第三类民事主体的形成与发展适应了现实生活的需要,民法典应赋予其民事主体地位.     

Tradition and modernity: an obsolete dichotomy? Binary thinking,indigenous peoples and normalisation

The debates over Indigenous peoples and development are often framed within the discussion on the shift towards modernity, the imposition of economic liberalism and resistance against external interventions, with a tendency to see Indigenous peoples as a possible alternative to the world economic order. However, looking at many development agencies’ discourses, the idea that Indigenous peoples will actually benefit from modernity prevails. The literature is divided along these two conflicting views and dominated by binary oppositions: traditional/modern; backward/advanced; sustainable/unsustainable, etc. This article discusses the tradition/modernity dichotomy and raises the following questions: is it relevant to think in terms of modernity/tradition in the case of Indigenous peoples? What does the use of such a dichotomy imply? What is the alternative? The article demonstrates that this binary opposition is neither relevant nor desirable, and that a new analytical framework is required. Instead, it proposes using a normalisation framework, which focuses on the attempts made to ‘normalise’ Indigenous peoples and to encourage them to comply with existing social and economic models.     

The European Court of Justice and the Annulment of the Tobacco Advertisement Directive: Friend of National Sovereignty or Foe of Public Health?

In Case C-376/98 Germany v Council the European Court of Justice annulled a Directive which banned the advertisement and sponsorship of tobacco. The judgment sanctions regulatory policy-making at the national rather than the Community level. The paper examines the legal basis of the annulment, its effect on economic efficiency and the implied role of the Court in the formulation of public policy in Europe. Within the institutional limits of the judicial power to determine policy, the Court focused on whether or not disparate national laws restrict free movement and distort competition and affirmed the primacy of the nation state to regulate economic activity.     

我国城乡居民收入差距演变及影响因素分析

城乡居民收入差距过大已经成为制约经济运行和影响社会稳定的一个重要因素．以城乡二元结构为视角，从定性和定量角度具体分析和研究城乡居民收入差距问题，重点分析我国城乡居民收入差距的历史演变，并从城乡二元体制、农业产业的弱质性、农村产业结构不合理、产权制度不合理和农村金融业发展滞后等方面阐释了城乡居民收入差距扩大的原因，提出缩小我国城乡居民收入差距的对策。