A novel method for cyanide quantification in human whole blood using ion chromatography with amperometric detection and its application to cyanide intoxication cases

Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that has been frequently used for suicide in South Korea. It is also used in various industrial fields, such as metal plating, in which many accidental cyanide intoxications have occurred. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional cyanide analysis methods, a simple and fast method for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood using ion chromatography (IC) with amperometric detection was developed in this study. Whole blood samples were deproteinized, diluted, and analyzed using an IC–amperometric detection system. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg/L with R² > 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values were <10%. The established method was successfully applied to analyze whole blood samples from three cyanide intoxication cases.     

Postmortem Computed Tomography in Firearm Homicides: A Retrospective Case Series,

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is integrated into the evaluation of decedents in several American medical examiner offices and medicolegal death investigative centers in many other countries. We retrospectively investigated the value of PMCT in a series of firearm homicide cases from a statewide centralized medical examiner’s office that occurred during 2016. Autopsies were performed or supervised by board-certified forensic pathologists who reviewed the PMCT scans prior to autopsy. PMCT scans were re-evaluated by a forensic radiologist blinded to the autopsy findings and scored by body region (head–neck, thoracoabdominal, and extremities). Injury discrepancies were scored using a modified Goldman classification and analyzed with McNemar’s test. We included 60 males and 20 females (median age 31 years, range 3–73). Based on PMCT, 56 (79.1%) cases had injuries relevant to the cause of death in a single body region (24 head–neck region, 32 thoracoabdominal region). Out of these 56 cases, 9 had a missed major diagnosis by PMCT outside that region, including 6 extremity injuries visible during standard external examination. Yet all had evident lethal firearm injury. We showed that PMCT identifies major firearm injuries in homicide victims and excludes injuries related to the cause of death in other regions when a single body region is injured. Although PMCT has a known limited sensitivity for soft tissue and vascular pathology, it can be combined with external examination to potentially reduce or focus dissections in some of these cases depending on the circumstances and medicolegal needs.     

The Stability of 4-Chloromethcathinone in Blood and Vitreous Humor

We present results of our study on the stability of 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) in authentic postmortem peripheral blood and vitreous humor samples. The stability of 4-CMC was determined in postmortem blood samples (for a period of 90 days) and vitreous humor (30 days) at three different temperatures: −15°C, +4°C, and + 23°C. The analyses were carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). In both materials, the lowest 4-CMC stability was demonstrated at room temperature. The blood samples stored in a freezer (−15°C) showed stability for the entire study period (90 days), while in the case of the vitreous humor sample stored at the same temperature the concentration of the substance decreased by 53% after 30 days. The study carried out in authentic postmortem blood and vitreous humor samples confirms the previous reports of 4-CMC instability in biological material. Authors suggest that the biological material should be stored frozen until analyses are carried out as soon as possible after collection of the material.     

论新时期我国政府主要职能的新定位

构建社会主义和谐社会,客观上要求我国政府必须尽快由事务型向服务型转变。为了顺利实现这一转变,需要切实强化政府的社会管理和公共服务职能,对我国政府职能进行重新定位:将现行的政府主要职能由“经济调节、市场监管、社会管理和公共服务”调整为“社会管理和公共服务”,或者调整为“社会管理、公共服务、市场监管和经济调节”。     

民事诉讼审限制度的存与废

诉讼效率与法院的结构和运作紧密联系.在立法上诉讼效率取决于程序的科学构建,司法运作中则决定于案件管理水平.审理期限是一种视野过于狭窄的诉讼效率衡量体系,弹性过大的制度设置使其难以精确衡量并提高诉讼效率,故应以诉讼周期取而代之.本质上审理期限是法官职业伦理问题,而非民事诉讼法程序制度.在即将修改民事诉讼法之际,删除审限制度规定,加强对诉讼机能的调整,为当事人设置诉讼促进义务,使诉讼程序合理衔接,是提高诉讼效率的理性选择.     

民初律师惩戒制度论析——以惩戒案例为中心

律师惩戒制度对维持律师队伍的道德水准和专业素质起着规范和监督作用.在本质上这一制度反映出律师行业的自治性和国家对这一行业监督、管理和控制的互动关系.民初北洋政府时期在律师惩戒领域实行的是两级两审制:由高等审判厅推事组成的律师惩戒会是初审机构,由大理院推事组成的复审查律师惩戒会是复审机构.这一时期的律师惩戒事宜几乎完全被司法机构所垄断,律师公会被排除在外.就制度渊源而论,北洋时期的律师惩戒制度是对大陆法系中日本制度的借鉴,而有别于德国的相关制度.     

交通事故的灰色预测模型及其实证研究

灰色系统理论中的灰色预测模型，论述了交通事故系统的灰色性，并采用GM（1，1）灰色预测模型对交通事故进行实证研究。根据某地区交通事故的统计数据建立灰色动态数列预测模型。灰色预测模型是一个微分方程，称为GM模型（GREY MODEL）。GM（1，1）则是1阶的，1个变量的微分方程型模型，这种模型与数理统计的方法比较，求解较易，计算量小，精度较高。     

波尔山羊卵母细胞和早期胚胎的端粒酶活性

利用端粒重复序列扩增(TRAP)法进行了山羊卵母细胞和附植前胚胎的端粒酶活性的测定;结果表明,山羊卵母细胞和早期胚胎的端粒酶活性都为阳性。TPG定量比较发现,卵母细胞的TPG最低,为25.348U;4-细胞的TPG为273.832U,至8-细胞时,TPG又降低到56.117U,随后快速升高,桑椹胚的TPG为251.111U;囊胚的端粒酶活性最高,TPG为519.46U。     

19世纪初期江南华娄地区的农家饲养业

19世纪初,江南华娄地区的饲养业是农业的一个重要组成部分,包括家畜(牛、猪)、家禽(鸡、鸭)和家鱼。从对这种饲养业的定量研究中可以看出,无论是投入还是产出,农家饲养业已成为当地农业经济的重要组成部分。如果没有这种饲养业,农家经济就无法存在下去。     

民国时期福建海洋航运业的发展

民国建立以后,福建的海外远洋航运虽仍然处于外国势力的控制之下,但是由于强加于民间航运业的封建束缚有所削弱,同时一战期间,西方列强忙于在欧洲争夺,暂时放松了对中国的侵略,为福建近代海洋航运业的发展提供了一个空前有利的环境和条件。民族资本和海外华侨创办远洋轮船航运业顿呈活跃,海外航线不断增多。然而,在帝国主义压迫和国民党政府的腐败统治下,民族海洋航运业是难以得到真正的发展。