Evaluation of Suspected Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Tablets Declared to Contain Controlled Substances Using Handheld Raman Spectrometers

This study describes the performance of handheld Raman devices for determining whether suspect pharmaceutical tablets declared to contain controlled substances were consistent with authentic (CWA) or not consistent with authentic (NCWA) tablets using a simple, rapid, field-friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts. Twenty-five authentic products and 84 known NCWA tablets were examined using three “parent” devices for a total of 327 analyses. On average, the parent devices yielded a true pass rate of 100%, a true fail rate of 98.4%, a false pass rate of 1.6%, and a false fail rate of 0%. The methods/libraries were then transferred to 13 identical “daughter” devices, which were used to examine 10 suspect finished dosage forms in duplicate (six known NCWA tablets and four authentic tablets) for a total of 260 measurements. On average, the daughter devices had a true pass rate of 100%, a true fail rate of 95.5%, a false pass rate of 4.5%, and a false fail rate of 0.0%. These data demonstrate that the parent–daughter electronic transfer method was successful, which permits the ability to develop methods in the laboratory that can be seamlessly pushed out to field devices. The methods can then be used to (i) prioritize samples for additional testing using other more time-consuming laboratory-based techniques needed to detect and quantify active ingredients and (ii) help support the interdiction of dangerous tablets at ports of entry, thereby preventing them from reaching the supply chain.     

Detection of Mitragynine in Mitragyna Speciosa (Kratom) Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Handheld Devices

A simple, quick, selective, sensitive, and effective field-friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts has been developed for detecting mitragynine in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over 100 samples and blanks (known to be either positive or negative for the presence of mitragynine) were examined in duplicate using five identical handheld Raman spectrometers, which provided a data set of over 1,000 examinations. Based on the results of these analyses, the method yielded a true-positive rate of 99.3%, a true-negative rate of 97.9%, a false-positive rate of 2.1%, and a false-negative rate of 0.7%. The average minimum detectable concentration (C_m) of mitragynine that reproducibly yielded a match for one of the library spectra on all five instruments was determined to be 342 ng/mL (ppb). This C_m value is a conservative estimate considering that the extraction process was not fully optimized by this study, which was not necessary since the C_m value achieved was well below typical mitragynine concentrations in kratom (1.3–2.3%). The method is ideal (i) for prioritizing samples for additional testing using other more time-consuming laboratory-based techniques needed to detect and quantify mitragynine and (ii) for field use at international mail facility (IMF) satellite laboratories to help interdict kratom and prevent this dangerous product from reaching the U.S. supply chain.     

高仿真制模伪造指印的识别研究

目的探究高仿真制模伪造指印的识别方法。方法选取多个印泥指印作为母版,分别采用曝光法制作指模,将母版指印与对应的伪造指印进行整体比较及显微比较。结果伪造指印较母版指印尺寸存在差异、纹线略变粗、纹线间隔略变小、细节特征易黏连、细小痕迹及细微特征不反映或反映不全、单根纹线的墨迹分布平实且缺少细微漏白等。结论识别伪造指印需要对指印的墨迹分布、尺寸、纹线粗细及间隔、细节特征、细小痕迹、细微特征及其他盖印痕迹进行综合分析,其中墨迹分布特征是识别伪造指印的主要依据。     

Fluorescence of a Natural Fluorophore as a Key to Improve Fingerprint Contrast Image

The optical and morphological properties of resveratrol were investigated. This nontoxic fluorescent natural material, emitting in the visible blue light, was used as an optical marker, enabling the enhancement of the image contrast coming from relief pictures marked on challenging surfaces. By applying appropriated imaging softwares, this marker was verified to be very useful in the latent fingerprint recognition deposited on different wood surface types, mainly those with high level of roughness, where conventional forensic materials do not allow effective fingerprint image visualization.     

对硅橡胶法提取特殊物体表面汗潜手印的研究

对于某些特殊物体(球形锁、饮料瓶瓶体等)表面遗留手印的提取、实验发现,利用硅橡胶提取上述特殊物体表面的手印效果很好,而且模型能保持指纹的特征稳定,便于检验鉴定。在提取特殊物体表面的汗潜手印时,胶带纸提取法与硅橡胶提取法相比存在着一些缺陷。用胶带纸法提取的手印在手印的某些部位会出现气泡、乳突纹线中断的现象,影响了指纹特征的再现。而硅橡胶这种物质可以很好地贴合在特殊物体的表面,将手印完整地提取下来。     

浅谈粗糙客体表面的手印显现

近年来,随着多波段光源在现场勘查和检验中的广泛应用,将手印无损检验、荧光显现又推进到一个新的阶段。对于粗糙客体表现的汗潜手印显现,应综合考虑遗留手印的特定条件,结合不同显现方法,采取对应的措施,从而提高犯罪现场手印显现率、提取率。     

新型手印提取器的研究

现场勘查中,技术人员对用粉末刷显的手印、灰尘加层手印拍照提取后,再用新型手印提取器提取效果更好。手印提取器使胶带与客体接触面积变小、压力均匀,从而避免在提取过程中产生气泡；同时,胶带具有粘性的一面与另一胶带紧密相粘,通过转动,能制成透明的手印检材,可直接通过印相放大、复印,或通过反差较大的衬底做背景进行比对鉴定。实践证明,运用手印提取器提取的手印具有高质量、手印特征反映好、保存时间长,而且在使用中方便简捷,提取速度快等优点。     

天然药物化学课程教学方法的探讨

随着当前对天然药物开发研究的不断深入，天然药物化学课程的重要性也越来越受到重视。而传统的天然药物化学教学方式多为教师讲授，学生被动地听、甚至靠死记硬背，学生的学习兴趣没有得到激发，效率不高，普遍反映枯燥难学。因而全面提高天然药物化学的学习水平和教学质量具有重要意义。为此，作者结合自己的教学经验谈一些感受。     

指纹鉴定标准研究

通过对国内学术界关于指纹鉴定标准构建的几种思路的分析,经综合比较,选择符合点＂数量＂思路作进一步探讨。在简要分析国外指纹鉴定＂数量＂标准研究概况基础上,尝试提出新的＂指纹特征组合概率计算模型＂,并以概率计算方式论证了8个符合点作为鉴定标准的合理性,由此得出一些对指纹鉴定工作可能有现实意义的结论。     

显现胶带上微尘手印的方法研究

利用硫氰酸钾与浓硫酸反应生成硫氰酸气体 ,遇到灰尘中的铁离子反应生成棕红色的硫氰酸铁 ,并对所选择的显现试剂及显现时间进行定量分析 ,结果发现不同的试剂量以及不同的显现时间影响胶带上微尘手印的显现效果。由此可以得出结论 ,选取适当的显现试剂量及显现时间用硫氰酸气熏法对胶带上微尘手印显现 ,显出棕红色的手印纹线 ,具有鉴定价值