低氧和氧化应激中 NO介导培养神经元损伤机理的实验研究

目的探讨低氧、氧化应激中一氧化氮（NO）和氧自由基之间关系及其对培养神经元的损伤机理。方法对培养的新生大鼠神经细胞分别进行低氧、H2O2氧化应激处理和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）抗氧化应激处理,用比色法等检测培养上清液中NO、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和SOD含量变化指标。结果与对照组比较,低氧组和H2O2组的NO、LDH、MDA含量均显著增高,SOD含量显著降低,NO与SOD含量变化呈负相关关系。预先给予终浓度为200U/ml的SOD处理,可使神经细胞的NO、LDH和MDA释放量明显减少。各组间NO含量与LDH、MDA含量呈正相关关系。结论低氧、氧化应激促使神经元NO产生增多,NO有增加氧自由基对神经细胞的损伤作用。SOD具有清除氧自由基和减轻NO对神经元的损伤作用。     

加味玉屏风散对鸡红细胞免疫和自由基的影响

将300只1日龄艾维茵雏鸡随机分为5组。Ⅰ组为加味玉屏风散(YPFP) 环磷酰胺(CY),Ⅱ组为左旋咪唑 CY,Ⅲ组为YPFP,Ⅳ组为CY,Ⅴ组为正常对照组。检测雏鸡红细胞免疫功能、全血GSH-Px活性、血浆SOD活性、血浆MDA浓度及体重。结果显示,YPFP能显著提高正常雏鸡RBC-CR1R,增强GSH-Px和SOD活性,降低血浆MDA的浓度,并能拮抗CY诱导的雏鸡RBC-CR1R降低、RBC-ICR升高、GSH-Px和SOD活性下降以及MDA浓度升高。相关研究发现,血浆SOD活性与RBC-CR1R呈正相关,与RBC-ICR呈负相关;而MDA浓度与RBC-CR1R呈负相关,与RBC-ICR呈正相关。试验证明,YPFP能明显增强雏鸡红细胞的免疫功能,提高雏鸡体内抗氧化酶活性,具有抗自由基损伤作用;YPFP能使雏鸡生长加快,体重增加。     

早产儿视网膜病变及其与吸氧的因果关系

早产儿视网膜病变主要发生于眼球发育不完善的新生儿,常会导致盲目或眼球萎缩等严重后果。该病的发病原因众多,较多学者认为与血氧浓度过高或过低有一定关系。在因ROP引致的纠纷中,吸氧治疗与疾病的因果关系常成为需要认定的重要问题。在进行此类案件的鉴定时,应当考虑多方面因素,全面分析,综合判断。     

医源性新生儿肺气肿—附3例分析

报道了3例新生儿肺气肿,均发现实质性肺气肿、间质性肺气肿和大泡性肺气肿,其中1例伴有气体广泛蓄积于软组织间隙,表现为自肺间隔开始,经肺门至纵隔,并直达胸、颈、腹、腹股沟等处皮下组织和阴囊。所报道的新生儿肺气肿原因被认为是抢救时加压吸氧造成。     

A City‐wide Investigation of the Isotopic Distribution and Source of Tap Waters for Forensic Human Geolocation Ground‐truthing

Human geolocation is prefaced on the accuracy of the geographic precision of mapped isotopic values for drinking water. As most people live in cities, it becomes important to understand city water supplies and how the isotopic values uniquely reflect that city. This study investigated the isotopic distribution of δ²H and δ¹⁸O from sourced tap waters that were collected from across the Metro Vancouver (MV) area (n = 135). The results revealed that the isotopic values reflect their water sources with a range of 5.3‰ for δ¹⁸O_tap and 29.3‰ for δ²H_tap for MV. The results indicate that individual cities need higher resolution studies to determine their tap water isotopic ranges, and a good understanding of the water supply network itself for human geolocation work. With an extended high‐resolution understanding of each city, human tissue may be compared with more certainty for geolocation.     

Ventilatory and metabolic demands during aggressive physical restraint in healthy adults

We investigated ventilatory and metabolic demands in healthy adults when placed in the prone maximal restraint position (PMRP), i.e., hogtie restraint. Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) was measured in seated subjects (n=30), in the PMRP, and when prone with up to 90.1 or 102.3 kg of weight on the back. MVV with the heaviest weight was 70% of the seated MVV (122+/-28 and 156+/-38 L/min, respectively; p<0.001). Also, subjects (n=27) were placed in the PMRP and struggled vigorously for 60 sec. During the restrained struggle, ventilatory function (V(E)/ MVV) was 44% of MVV in the resting PMRP. While prone with up to 90.1 or 102.3 kg on the back, the decrease in MVV was of no clinical importance in these subjects. Also, while maximally struggling in the PMRP, V(E) was still adequate to supply the ventilatory needs.     

宣白承气汤治疗肺炎致脓毒症42例临床观察

目的 观察宣白承气汤对肺炎所致脓毒症的临床疗效，并探究其作用机制。方法 将84例肺炎致脓毒症患者随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组42例，两组患者均给予西医常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用宣白承气汤，比较两组患者治疗前后血乳酸（lactate acid，Lac）浓度、上腔静脉血氧饱和度（superior vena cava oxygen saturation，ScvO2）、降钙素原（procalcitonin，PCT）水平及社区获得性肺炎评分量表（confusion， urea， respiratory rate， blood pressure， age≥65，CURB-65）、序贯器官衰竭评估量表（sequential organ failure assessment，SOFA）评分。结果 与治疗前比较，两组患者治疗后Lac、PCT均显著降低（P＜0.05），ScvO2水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）；治疗组患者Lac降低程度和ScvO2升高程度显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗前比较，两组患者治疗后CURB-65评分、SOFA评分均显著降低（P＜0.05），且治疗组患者CURB-65、SOFA评分降低程度显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 宣白承气汤能改善肺炎所致脓毒症患者的灌注指标，减轻炎症反应，效果显著。     

狂蝇蛆病对驯鹿体内抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨驯鹿狂蝇蛆病与机体氧自由基代谢的关系,分别对感染驯鹿和健康驯鹿血清中的微量元素硒(Se)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和脂质过氧化终末产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量进行了测定。结果表明,感染组驯鹿血清Se含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而血清Zn、Cu含量差异不显著;感染组驯鹿血清GSH-Px活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);SOD活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CuZn-SOD显著低于对照组(P<0.05);CAT活性差异不显著;MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。表明机体患病后产生大量氧自由基,导致抗氧化能力降低,引发脂质过氧化损伤。     

Using Carbon,Oxygen, Strontium,and Lead Isotopes in Modern Human Teeth for Forensic Investigations: A Critical Overview Based on Data from Bulgaria

Isotopic data obtained from human remains can provide information about an individual's origin, migration, and diet. We evaluate the usefulness of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopes for forensic investigations by comparing data from Bulgarian teeth with data from other regions. Geo‐referencing based on oxygen or strontium isotopes can be misleading due to overlap with other countries in Europe and other continents. Carbon and lead isotopes, in combination with oxygen and strontium isotopes, provide the most useful information for identification of local vs foreigner status. In particular, high‐precision Pb isotopes show a distinct “Bulgarian” range; however, it is possible that individuals from other countries in Eastern Europe and/or central to western Asia could have overlapping isotopic values. Additional high‐precision multi‐isotope data from modern humans from different regions in the world are required to transition from speculative to more quantitative estimation of a geographical place of origin for unidentified human remains.     

擒拿格斗耐力训练的方法原理新探

良好的耐力是擒拿格斗的基本素质,在人民警察的日常训练中必须得到重视,才能达到增强干警体能的目的,从而保证擒拿格斗技、战术的充分运用与发挥.耐力训练包括有氧训练、无氧训练和体力训练,它是一个复杂的训练体系,应当科学安排、科学训练.本文在继承传统理论的基础上,对耐力训练的方法原理进行了新的探索,以期对人民警察的日常训练有所裨益.