Evaluation of Suspected Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Tablets Declared to Contain Controlled Substances Using Handheld Raman Spectrometers

This study describes the performance of handheld Raman devices for determining whether suspect pharmaceutical tablets declared to contain controlled substances were consistent with authentic (CWA) or not consistent with authentic (NCWA) tablets using a simple, rapid, field-friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts. Twenty-five authentic products and 84 known NCWA tablets were examined using three “parent” devices for a total of 327 analyses. On average, the parent devices yielded a true pass rate of 100%, a true fail rate of 98.4%, a false pass rate of 1.6%, and a false fail rate of 0%. The methods/libraries were then transferred to 13 identical “daughter” devices, which were used to examine 10 suspect finished dosage forms in duplicate (six known NCWA tablets and four authentic tablets) for a total of 260 measurements. On average, the daughter devices had a true pass rate of 100%, a true fail rate of 95.5%, a false pass rate of 4.5%, and a false fail rate of 0.0%. These data demonstrate that the parent–daughter electronic transfer method was successful, which permits the ability to develop methods in the laboratory that can be seamlessly pushed out to field devices. The methods can then be used to (i) prioritize samples for additional testing using other more time-consuming laboratory-based techniques needed to detect and quantify active ingredients and (ii) help support the interdiction of dangerous tablets at ports of entry, thereby preventing them from reaching the supply chain.     

Detection of Mitragynine in Mitragyna Speciosa (Kratom) Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Handheld Devices

A simple, quick, selective, sensitive, and effective field-friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts has been developed for detecting mitragynine in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over 100 samples and blanks (known to be either positive or negative for the presence of mitragynine) were examined in duplicate using five identical handheld Raman spectrometers, which provided a data set of over 1,000 examinations. Based on the results of these analyses, the method yielded a true-positive rate of 99.3%, a true-negative rate of 97.9%, a false-positive rate of 2.1%, and a false-negative rate of 0.7%. The average minimum detectable concentration (C_m) of mitragynine that reproducibly yielded a match for one of the library spectra on all five instruments was determined to be 342 ng/mL (ppb). This C_m value is a conservative estimate considering that the extraction process was not fully optimized by this study, which was not necessary since the C_m value achieved was well below typical mitragynine concentrations in kratom (1.3–2.3%). The method is ideal (i) for prioritizing samples for additional testing using other more time-consuming laboratory-based techniques needed to detect and quantify mitragynine and (ii) for field use at international mail facility (IMF) satellite laboratories to help interdict kratom and prevent this dangerous product from reaching the U.S. supply chain.     

Fluorescence of a Natural Fluorophore as a Key to Improve Fingerprint Contrast Image

The optical and morphological properties of resveratrol were investigated. This nontoxic fluorescent natural material, emitting in the visible blue light, was used as an optical marker, enabling the enhancement of the image contrast coming from relief pictures marked on challenging surfaces. By applying appropriated imaging softwares, this marker was verified to be very useful in the latent fingerprint recognition deposited on different wood surface types, mainly those with high level of roughness, where conventional forensic materials do not allow effective fingerprint image visualization.     

商品房买卖面积争议处理

商品房买卖面积争议是商品房买卖合同纠纷的表现形式,对其进行分析和探讨,有利于商品房买卖面积争议处理更为科学合理并保证当事人权利救济途径更加顺畅。     

柔嫩艾美球虫杨凌株表面抗原SAG10基因的克隆与原核表达

从柔嫩艾美球虫第二代裂殖子总RNA中扩增EtSAG10基因,与pGEM-T Easy载体连接后转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α,筛选阳性克隆,扩增不含N端信号肽的编码序列,分别插入表达载体pET-32a( )和pMAL-c2X,转化至E.coliRosetta,以IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,pET-32a( )-EtSAG10在E.coliRosetta中的表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的43%,融合蛋白分子质量约为47 ku,以包涵体形式存在;而pMAL-c2X-EtSAG10在E.coliRosetta中表达的重组蛋白为可溶性,表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的35%,融合蛋白分子质量约为69 ku。以表达的可溶性EtSAG10重组蛋白100μg/只肌肉注射免疫雏鸡,攻虫后以盲肠病变计分、盲肠卵囊数(OPG)、相对增重率和抗球虫指数(ACI)评价,免疫组相对盲肠卵囊产量为47.7%,抗球虫指数由86.79提高至152.13。提示,重组表达的EtSAG10可诱导雏鸡产生一定的抗球虫免疫保护。     

地上权制度之历史研究——兼评我国地上权立法

地上权制度是用益物权制度框架内的一项基本制度,经济和社会的发展使地上权具有了崭新的内容,在我国土地所有权归国家和农村集体经济组织所有的条件下具有广泛的适用范围,尤其是有助于解决城市用地、工业用地、居民住宅建设用地,以及在他人所有的土地上下铺设管道等公共设施而产生的权利义务关系,从而促进社会经济的发展。     

死亡时间——当今中国法医病理学研究的热点及难点

在法医病理学研究的诸多重要问题中,时间问题无疑是其中的一个热点问题,同时也是一个难点问题。法医病理学中的时间问题主要包括:死亡时间、损伤时间、猝死者病理学标本能够诊断的时间(包括发病多久可以诊断及保存多久可以诊断)、水中经过时间等,其中尤其以死亡时间为研究热点。现结合本单位的研究结果,就死亡时间推断问题做一介绍。     

趋势面拟合在机场噪声监测评价中的应用

机场周围飞机噪声的噪声级LWECPN数据来自网格布点监测,这些数据可视为连续曲面上的离散点。寻求利用有限的监测数据,拟合机场周围飞机噪声影响区域内噪声级的曲面分布,根据噪声级精确度允许误差的要求,采用统计检验的方法,确定拟合函数模型的精确度,从而得到机场周围飞机噪声的噪声级等值线分布图。     

麝香珍珠膏治疗体表慢性溃疡的临床观察

目的:观察麝香珍珠膏治疗体表慢性溃疡的临床疗效.方法:选择60例体表慢性溃疡患者,随机分为两组,其中治疗组30例,对照组30例,治疗组应用麝香珍珠膏治疗,对照组予以凡士林软膏局部外用,进行临床疗效对比研究.结果:两组间疗效比较,差异有显著性.结论:麝香珍珠膏对体表慢性溃疡有显著疗效.     

上、下尖牙髓腔/牙体表面积比值的年龄判定价值研究

目的通过三维重建测量上、下颌尖牙髓腔/牙体表面积比值(Pulp/Tooth area Ratio,PTR)来推断个体年龄,为临床年龄推断的应用提供科学依据。方法收集口腔门诊患者年龄在16~65岁200例锥形束CT(Cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)影像资料,以4个尖牙为测量对象并进行三维重建,测量各尖牙髓腔和牙体表面积,计算PTR值。应用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析,推导实际年龄的推断公式。结果Pearson相关分析显示上、下颌尖牙PTR值与实际年龄呈高度负相关(P<0.001,r值为-0.833~-0.891)。4个尖牙间的PTR值无显著差异(P>0.05)。男女性别间尖牙PTR值无显著差异(P>0.05)。尖牙PTR值(x)推断年龄公式为:年龄=84.42-222.22x,R²=0.739。结论检测尖牙的PTR值,可明显提高临床年龄推断的准确性。