过失犯罪中注意义务的履行

注意义务的履行并不是纯主观的"预见危害结果"的心理活动,而是客观上采取这种心理态度避免危害结果发生的行为。注意能力与注意义务的关系密切,无注意能力即无注意义务。但在司法审判中,注意义务是否存在才是审判人员首先要考虑的问题。行为人违反注意义务的程度是判断其刑事责任大小的重要依据。     

论高校在学生刑事损害中的安全保障责任

大学校园管理应根据大学校园生活尽到合理限度范围内的注意义务,并采取必要的、具期待可能性的防范措施。也就是说,高校对学生在校期间的生活安全管理问题,除了要尽到合同法上的注意义务之外,还要尽到侵权法上的法定安全保障义务。因此,在高校刑事损害案件中,学校应尽到必要的合理的安全保障义务,学校无过错则不应要求学校承担责任。     

关于注意研究的综述

注意是心理活动或意识对一定对象的指向与集中,对信息具有选择功能,与人类的行为活动有着密切的关系。从当前关于注意研究的一些理论和观点出发加以论述,可为今后的有关研究提供可能的参考。     

Understanding Parental Gatekeeping in Families with a Special Needs Child

Supporting the positive development of a special needs child is especially challenging when parents have separated or divorced. Invariably, there is an increased need for collaborative co‐parenting wherein information is shared and intervention plans can be implemented effectively. In this article, the evolving literature on parental gatekeeping is applied to families with special needs children, as it offers a useful model for understanding the strengths and liabilities of co‐parenting relationships. We describe some of the typical and unique gatekeeping dynamics that occur when children suffer from developmental, physical, and/or psychiatric syndromes that require specific treatment and specialized parenting skills. Examples of both restrictive and facilitative gatekeeping are described as they manifest in these families. Implications for decision making are also discussed.     

Attention to Counter-Attitudinal Messages in a State Election Campaign

Research following the "selective exposure" model has focused on avoidance of political messages with which a person might disagree. But positive attention to such "counter-attitudinal" messages is worthy of study, in part because normative theories of democracy value exposure to information that might disturb citizens' political predispositions. Surveys of youth (N = 417) and parents (N = 430) examine attention to newspaper, television, and Web messages about candidates. While there is somewhat more attention to messages about and for a person's favored political candidate or party, forms of political involvement (knowledge, curiosity, and discussion) that predict this "attitude-consistent" attention also predict counter-attitudinal attention at least as strongly. Parents' education and students' exposure to civics lessons also predict both kinds of attention. These results suggest that attention to counterattitudinal political messages is worthy of further study as an important goal of political socialization and a criterion of citizen performance in democracy.     

中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效和安全性的系统评价

目的 系统评价中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效和安全性。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane Library、PsycINFO、Embase中所有关于中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的随机对照试验。根据预先设定的标准由两名研究者独立筛选，使用Review Manager 5.3软件进行纳入研究的偏倚风险评估和Meta分析。结果 最终23项研究共2 314个对象被纳入数据分析，未发现中成药与安慰剂比较的研究。中成药组与哌甲酯组的总有效率比较，差异无统计学意义（RR=1.06，95% CI为0.99～1.13，P=0.08），但中成药组的不良反应总发生率低于哌甲酯组，差异有统计学意义（RR=0.14，95% CI为0.08～0.24，P<0.000 01）。中成药联合哌甲酯组总有效率高于哌甲酯组，差异有统计学意义（RR=1.17，95% CI为1.07～1.29，P=0.000 5）；两组不良反应总发生率的差异无统计学意义（RR=0.53，95% CI为0.24～1.17，P=0.11）。结论 中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效良好且不良反应少，但仍需要设计更合理的高质量随机对照研究，尤其是与安慰剂对照的研究来证实。     

Parenting Plans for Special Needs Children: Applying a Risk‐Assessment Model

Family courts are seeing an increasing number of separating or divorced families who have a special needs child. These cases present complex challenges for family law professionals charged with crafting parenting plans based on best interests standards. For many of these children, the typical developmentally based custodial arrangements may not be suitable, given the child's specific symptoms and treatment needs. We present a model for understanding how the general and specific needs of these children, as well as the demands on parents, can be assessed and understood in the context of divorce. This includes an analysis of risk and protective factors that inform timeshare and custodial recommendations and determinations. The risk assessment model is then applied to three of the most commonly occurring childhood neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders likely to be encountered in family court, namely, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depressive disorders, and autistic spectrum disorders.

Key Points for the Family Court Community
• There has been a dramatic rise in the population of children with neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and medical syndromes whose parents are disputing custody in the family courts.
• Family law professionals of all disciplines should develop a fundamental knowledge base about the most commonly seen special needs children in family court, such as those with neurodevelopmental conditions like autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and severe depressive disorders (especially with teenagers), which may involve suicidal or self‐harming behaviors.
• Commonly recommended parenting plans may be inappropriate for many special needs children, as some function significantly below their chronological age and pose extreme behavioral challenges.
• A systematic analysis of risk and protective factors should inform timeshare arrangements and determinations with this varied population, including the safety of the child and severity of the disorder, parental commitment and availability to pursue medical, educational, and therapeutic services, the parental attunement and insightful about the problem, and the differential parenting skills of each parent.

     

侦办非法集资案的基本程序及应注意的几个问题

非法集资案件具有涉案人员多、社会影响大、罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪界限不易区分等特点,侦办过程应注意遵循符合其自身特点的程序,坚持以维护社会稳定为首要原则,严格依法办案,各职能部门密切协作。     

人质谈判中的“关注点”策略

在人质谈判中,由于交际的特殊性,劫持者对自己人身的安全及要求的满足特别关注。他们往往不相信谈判人员友善的示意和话语,不相信警方的承诺,怀疑对方满足自己要求的诚意。谈判主客双方的关注点相互错位,这种错位决定了谈判交际的艰巨性、复杂性。要想有效进行谈判,顺利解决人质危机,警方就必须通过各种努力,诱使劫持者建立起新的、正面的关注点,而淡化、分散、偏移、消除其不利的关注点。     

Parental Battlefield: Divorcing Parents and the Treatment of Children with ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) typically manifests as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity among children, resulting in stimulant drug therapy. Children exposed to high‐stress situations, such as divorcing parents, are twice as likely to present with ADHD symptoms. Often these symptoms are a result of the stress and not truly ADHD. Additionally, parents in conflict frequently disagree about the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for their child, which leads to court disputes. Thus, this Note proposes a policy be implemented setting forth alternatives that must be exhausted for a period of time prior to administering stimulants to a child of divorce.