论发挥知识分子优势亟待解决的几个问题

发展,是一个国家永恒的课题。各国的实践及历史教训早已证明,经济发展乃至国家的命运离不开知识分子的广泛认同与支持。国家要实现科学发展,就必须从思想上重视知识分子,勇于总结过去在知识分子问题上的历史教训,改变现存不合理的规章制度,为知识分子提供一个良好的政治环境及科研舞台。对专业技术人员来说,应该关心自然,关心人类,关心并推动人类基本价值的实现,最终推动国家实现科学发展,使自己成为一名真正的知识分子。     

高校党外知识分子政治参与的双重性及其对策

高校党外知识分子是党外知识分子重要组成部分。当前,高校党外知识分子呈数量多、年轻化、素质高等特点,引导他们政治参与,发挥参政议政作用具有重要意义。本文分析高校党外知识分子政治参与的双重性及其成因,提出从政治上引导、生活上关心、渠道上拓宽等对策。     

试析中国知识分子坎坷历史命运的基本原因

影响知识分子命运的原因也是阻碍社会主义精神文明建设和民主法制建设的原因。研究中国知识分子坎坷的历史命运 ,分析其原因 ,从根本上消除不利于知识分子发挥作用的经济根源、政治根源、理论根源和传统文化消极面的社会嫉妒心理等 ,才有助于从根本上推动社会主义精神文明建设 ,迎接知识经济时代的挑战。     

战败前后日本的社会世相和知识人的心路历程——对作家高见顺《战败日记》的考察

《战败日记》的价值,在于真实地记录了战败前后日本社会的众生诸相的同时,如实地记录了在这样一个非常时期中一个有着前述思想背景的日本知识人内心的苦涩、酸楚、愤懑和挣扎的心路历程,表现出了对自己以及日本民族和日本国家的反思和批判,展示了这一时期日本人精神史的重要一页。     

Last Thoughts on <Emphasis Type="Italic">The Last Intellectuals</Emphasis>

Over twenty years ago my book The Last Intellectuals put into circulation the phrase “public intellectual.” The term unexpectedly enjoyed great success. It encapsulated a new division between a professional or academic intellectual focused on his or her specialty and an intellectual orientated to a larger public. The former tend to disappear into the university, while they latter write for the educated public. In the twenty years since its publication, my book has been sharply challenged. Moreover the emergence of African-American and women intellectuals, and well as new developments such as Internet, have possibly undermined my thesis. Yet these phenomena amount to revisions, not refutations, of my thesis. Moreover the role of intellectuals in France and Germany suggest that the same process of academization is taking place in other advanced industrial nations. What is called for is not nostalgia or its opposite, a celebration of everything that happens, but a consideration of the real shifts that affect the lives and work of intellectuals.

中国知识分子观念中的李光耀图谱

在亚洲以及西方的许多人看来,新加坡与李光耀不可分割,甚至将两者等同。这种观念是否同样流行于中国的知识分子群体?本文所关注的自1963年至2013年有关于李光耀和新加坡的学术文章给出了否定答案。这些学术文本是中新关系领域活跃的中国知识分子群体对于李光耀的观念的载体。对它们的定量统计结果和具体内容解析显示:中国学者对于李光耀的解读并不必然固囿于新加坡的国家框架内,在他们的认知中,李光耀和新加坡的非重合部分呈现出远为丰富和重要的意义。中国知识分子观念中的李光耀图谱不仅勾画了李光耀和新加坡的故事,更折射出中国自身发展的变迁和其精英阶层思考的演进。     

Correspondence

This article surveys the problems facing the existence of intellectuals in the twenty-first century by reflecting on the historical and conceptual conditions that have enabled them to flourish in the past but less so in recent times. The first part considers several strands of contemporary philosophical and social thought that, despite their progressive veneer, have served to undermine the legitimacy of the intellectual's role. This delegitimation is largely traceable to a scepticism about the existence of ideas that are simultaneously normative and manipulable. The second part deals with the rise of anti-intellectualism in philosophy and psychology in the twentieth century, focusing especially on the debates surrounding ‘psychologism’. The third part examines what remains the most attractive expression of anti-intellectualism, namely, invisible-hand thinking and its late nineteenth-century transformation through the influence of statistics, evolution and epidemiology. In the conclusion, the main strands of the argument are drawn together in a sketch of an overall account of the rise and fall of the intellectual in the modern era. Finally, I provide one strategy for stemming the current tide of anti-intellectualism by reinterpreting the currently popular concept of ‘heuristics’.     

Laughing Medusa: Feminist Intellectuals at the Millennium

The role of the intellectual is traditionally gendered masculine, and women are excluded from consideration. Contemporary discussions of the 'death of the intellectual' noticeably make no reference to feminist intellectuals. On the other hand, women in academia have been reluctant to adopt the role of public intellectual as conventionally defined. There is an anxiety about the contemporary place of the intellectual, and about the necessity for the distinction made by some feminists between theory and practice, the intellectual and the activist, and where this might lead. In exploring the role of feminist intellectuals over the last two centuries, three paradigms of the feminist intellectual are proposed for consideration: Cassandra (the prophetess cursed with disbelief), for example Florence Nightingale; the feminist Messiah (the exceptional female saviour who would sacrifice herself to change women's lives), for whom the exemplar is Margaret Fuller; and the Dark Lady (the token woman in a community of men), such as de Beauvoir, Mary McCarthy and Susan Sontag. Indeed, Camille Paglia's rivalry with Sontag lends itself to being interpreted as evidence of her current desire to occupy this 'dark lady' role. In conclusion, after discussing contemporary, late twentieth-century feminism (Natasha Walter, Elizabeth Wurtzel, gurrl power, 'women behaving badly'), the role of Margaret Thatcher in changing perceptions of women's capacity for political power is proposed for celebration. Finally, there is Cixous's image of the feminist intellectual as the laughing Medusa, who turns men to stone, but turns laughter on herself.     

Public Intellectuals as Media Critics

In the 1940s, leading public intellectuals established a commission to reform the American press. Many of them initially favored heavy regulation of newspapers and other media. Though the men failed to change the press, their report lives on in schools of journalism.

新意识形态与中国传媒——新世纪新闻传播研究的一个前沿课题

中国新意识形态是社会结构转型中的重要组成部分,它从阶级利益走向共同利益,虚构现实,生产现实,存在于对个体的咨唤之中,个体因此而“自由地同意”成为主体。新意识形态体现为政治上的国家主义,经济上的实用主义和文化上的消费主义,其叙事的核心是传媒镜像。而传播的研究,则是与特殊知识分子的角色定位一致的,“新意识形态与中国传媒”是他们大显身手的学术舞台。