"堰塞湖"型社区治安管理模式探析 ——以北京市崔各庄东辛店村为例

基层治,则天下安。在新型城镇化纵深推进大背景下,对流动人口住处的疏解整治成为解决"大城市病"的必要手段,但实践中拆迁整治引发了"堰塞湖效应","堰塞湖效应"使得流动人口流入地社区演变成"堰塞湖"型社区。对此类社区的治安管理应革新以往防范式治安管理模式,有针对性地构建社区治安问题"审视→分析→反应→评估"的治安管理模式,根据"堰塞湖"型社区治安问题产生的原因及管理困境,形成一套从宏观到微观的逻辑严谨、运行有序的治安管理体系。具体可从树立"善治"和"共治"治安管理理念、促进流动人口社区融合和社区治安资源整合等方面入手解决"堰塞湖"型社区治安问题,以维护社区安全稳定。     

Light,dark and the powers that be: a hydroelectric project in Butembo

Despite its major importance in international trade, the city of Butembo in the North Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo is deprived of such basic urban infrastructure as electricity. Private and public actors have attempted to bring power to the city, but their efforts have remained fruitless. Analysis of these failed projects to electrify the city offers a glimpse of local power relations. Why, rather than cooperating, do various local power holders counteract each other? Will gaining credit for bringing electric power to the city in turn yield political power over its future? With a special focus on a hydroelectric dam that was built but never functioned, this article sheds light on the way in which the citizens of Butembo relate to different bodies of authority. I argue that the hydroelectric dam gradually became a tool in a larger political strategy.     

重物落水后运动过程的数学模型

为更好描述重物落水后的运动过程,设计了模拟封堵溃口小型试验,首先对重物落水后运动过程的影响因素进行分析,对采集的试验数据进行了分类处理,并对典型的试验数据进行比较分析,突出主要影响因素.其次对水中的重物进行了受力分析,以大实心方体为例,初步建立重物在水中运动过程的二阶微分方程模型（模型1）,结合步长搜索法和最小二乘法确定压差阻力系数的初始范围,然后在Matlab平台下做非线性最小二乘拟合求解运动模型中压差阻力系数kx、ky;在模型1的基础上引入速度后损率kv,完善了重物在水中运动过程的二阶微分方程模型（模型2）,并对模型中2的参数进行求解.模型结果验证显示,引入速度后损率后的模型2能比较好地反映重物落水后的运动过程,并对以后的研究提供了参考.     

木浪河拱坝加高培厚三维有限元分析

木浪河拱坝加高工程为拱坝加高培厚成折线型重力坝,坝体加高幅度大、结构受力复杂.采用有限元分析软件ADINA的非线性接触功能模拟新老坝体的接触关系,对新老坝体结构在各种工况下的应力变形状况进行仿真分析,计算结果表明：在正常蓄水位工况下,加高培厚后的坝体能够较好地整体工作,新老坝体接触面没有脱开,但有较大范围的粘结滑移;新老坝体位移等值线分布存在明显差异,在新坝体与老坝体坝顶附近接触的部位由于新坝体的向下滑移受到约束而产生竖直向拉应力.在正常蓄水位回降至死水位工况,原拱坝下游面与新坝体上游接触面存在大面积的脱开区,但脱开度基本在4mm以内,可通过加密锚筋减小脱开区;在该工况下,原拱坝坝顶上部的新坝体则因结合面的错动而出现顺河向的水平拉应力.     

Contested water,contested development: unpacking the hydro-social cycle of the Ñuble River,Chile

The way that water is entangled with broader social relations has become a prominent concern in political ecology, geography and beyond. Employing the concept of the hydro-social cycle highlights how water is produced by, and simultaneously constitutes, social and power relations. Applying and expanding the hydro-social cycle as an analytical lens, this paper explores the contestation of different discourses of water. Looking at the conflict over the construction of a proposed dam in Chile, we examine different meanings given to water to understand how these produce uneven power relations with material and symbolic implications. By teasing out the workings and contestations of this conflict as a hydro-social cycle, we aim to highlight the diverse range of elements enlisted in it beyond water, to expose its complexity and to search for more just and inclusive alternatives.     

Perception Gaps among Stakeholders Regarding the WCD Guidelines

In the World Commission on Dams (WCD) two-part report "Dams and Development," Part I reports fact-findings on large dams, and Part II proposes 26 guidelines for dam development projects. The WCD, however, has not succeeded in proposing a set of practical guidelines. As a model for global governance of a controversial environmental issue it also failed. Consequently, a large gap has emerged among the report's evaluations by various stakeholders. Most of the environmentally concerned non-governmental organizations (NGO) appreciated the guidelines and demanded their adoption by governments and financial institutions. Some governments and dam construction companies, however, were negative and/or skeptical, particularly concerning the guidelines' applicability. These groups feel that the following aspects have not been adequately clarified: 1) coverage of the guidelines; 2) whether the 26 guidelines should be considered as one entity; and, 3) whether all parties should have veto power. To make the guidelines widely acceptable and realistic as a model of global governance in the environmental fields, the authors recommend a review of the report and guidelines with the aims of: 1) clarifying the character of the report and guidelines; and, 2) examining the practicability of the guidelines.     

Non-government Organizations,Villagers, Political Culture and the Lower Sesan 2 Dam in Northeastern Cambodia

The Lower Sesan 2 (LS2) Hydropower Project in northeastern Cambodia is presently under construction. As the largest dam to ever be built in Cambodia, it is expected to cause serious and widespread environmental and social impacts. This article analyzes, on the one hand, the relationships between Cambodian non-government organizations (NGOs) and villagers who will be negatively impacted by LS2, and on the other, NGO relations with the Cambodian state. While development actors frequently attempt to construct particular narratives in order to control development trajectories, this research demonstrates that such attempts can meet with serious resistance from local people, even when facing powerful opponents, including in this case NGOs that prefer to advocate for better resettlement and compensation conditions rather than for the cancellation of projects. Focusing on interactions, positioning, local agency, and the particular political culture of Cambodia, this article highlights the importance of particular types of patronage relations in Cambodia between NGOs and villagers, NGOs and the state, and associated territorialization.     

Political Bias and Methodological Failure in Assessing Environmental Impacts of Development Projects: Comparative Analysis of the High Aswan Dam and Calaca Thermal Power Plant Development Projects

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) by various sectors for development activities still needs operational guidelines to avoid failures. The High Aswan Dam in Egypt and the Calaca Thermal Power Plant in the Philippines were examined to delineate lessons. Three sorts of methodological failures were identified in these cases, although they differ in many aspects. They are (1) preoccupation with the previous case, (2) oversimplified assumptions about cause and effect, and (3) lack of a holistic viewpoint. These cases were also influenced by political biases, which led to inappropriate assessment methodologies and, subsequently, to erroneous conclusions. Care should be taken to avoid these universal failures in carrying out an assessment.