After and Beyond Amoral Familism: The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Social Capital Italian-style

Abstract

The economic crisis that began with the great crash of 2008 has brought about a significant increase in inequality in Italy between individuals and families as well as between different geographic areas. A higher degree of inequality has had negative effects on social capital, reducing so-called bridging and linking elements of social capital while strengthening bonding elements, with a concomitant decline in civic culture. These effects can be dangerous for democracy, in so far as they lower the citizens’ trust in institutions. Since social capital is created as well as destroyed by political and social actors, a relevant question is whether these actors have had a role in transforming social capital into trust in institutions. From an analysis of the changes that have taken place in the Italian political system, it would appear that a significant segment of the political system has destroyed more institutional social capital than it has helped to create.     

宪政视野下的大清新刑律——杨度《论国家主义与家族主义之区别》解读

杨度从宪政的高度看待大清新刑律，使得晚清刑法典论争从法理与礼教的问题之争转向国家与家族的主义之争。在时代的语境中，“个人”通过“国民”这一概念而被国家所吸纳，国家主义乃是看不见独立人格的国民主义。杨度以进化论的观点，将家族视为国家之敌，但对破坏家族是否就能培养出合格的新国民，缺乏充分的论证。他的主义之争加剧了新旧两派的裂痕，使得共识难以达成。     

从“回娘家”到“联谊会”:外嫁女的“报”与新宗族主义的兴起

本文以对粤北甘姓宗族村庄的田野调查为基础,研究近年流行于华南和东南地区的"外嫁女联谊会"。这一新的社会组织形态是新宗族主义背景下外嫁女与村庄共谋互惠的结果。研究发现,新宗族主义的兴起,改变了以往以男性为中心的组织形式,基于平等、自愿的同宗女性成员之间的联合成为可能。外嫁女回报娘家村庄的初衷,使外嫁女、宗亲网络、村庄三者之间构成一种"报"的循环机制。在这个过程中,村庄借助外嫁女连带群体,间接获得更多公共服务和资源,降低了正式制度的运行成本,形成一种新的乡村再组织方式。最后讨论新宗族的"里"与"表",新宗族主义是传统宗族一脉相承的延续,呈现出适应时代发展和社会变迁的弹性。     

文化视野下的中国传统社会刑事政策思想分析

中国传统文化是中国传统社会刑事政策思想产生的重要根源,中国传统文化表现出以儒家思想为主干,以法家思想为内隐的特征,其实质就是义务本位,这种义务本位又是通过国家本位与家族本位的伦理价值模式具体体现出来的。中国传统社会这一文化背景,反映到刑事政策思想领域,就是因时而变的刑事政策思想、刑罚不平等的刑事政策思想以及罪刑擅断的刑事政策思想等。