云南四川藏族地区天然林资源保护区的林业可持续管理

本文根据联合国关于林业可持续管理的指标体系 ,对云南四川藏族地区天然林资源保护区实现林业可持续管理的目标分层进行了论述 ,在此基础上 ,分析了该区林业可持续管理的难点和制度影响 ,并立足该区藏族传统文化特点和社区林地的传统管理方式 ,提出了确立林地权属制度和社区管理体制、按照市场机制进行林业可持续管理的改进方式     

Community forestry,labor migration and agrarian change in a Nepali village: 1980 to 2010

This paper follows forest conditions, agricultural practices, and livelihoods in a Nepali village between 1980 and 2010. A survey was administered to all village households in 1980, 1990 and 2010; semi-structured interviews were also conducted. Tree species frequency, density and dominance were determined for eight forest patches during each survey. Over this period the population of the village remained stable; the number of children decreased, and the number of people over 50 increased. Famers keep significantly fewer livestock, and have become less dependent on farming and more engaged in commercial activities. In 1980 the number of out-migrants was so few that they were not recorded; by 2010, 29 percent of the adult male population was engaged in migration. Nepal initiated an acclaimed Community Forestry program in the early 1990s; by 2010 about half the village’s forests showed improved tree density and size. Contrary to expectations and published literature, the study found that forest conditions in half of the village’s forests were not improved; and while livelihoods appeared to be better in 2010 than in 1980, they are not more secure as they are increasingly dependent on remittance incomes and hence at the whims of the international labor market.     

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The political economy of ‘flex trees’: a preliminary analysis

With the rise of ‘bioeconomy’, trees are receiving increasing attention. This contribution conducts a preliminary analysis of the trajectories and the main drivers of change in the rise of new, flexible and multiple uses of trees. It assesses the political dimensions involved in this transformation, which is simultaneously ongoing, anticipated and imagined. Notes are offered on the issues to be considered when the flex-crop framework is operationalized to include the study of trees, and additional conceptualizations that help in analyzing the political economy of tree uses are provided. Areas needing further empirical study are identified and a preliminary research agenda is suggested. The flexible and multiple use of trees and tree-derived commodities is having a large impact on power relations in the global political economy of forestry and the forest industry, the asymmetry of which is based on who is best able to flex or de-multiply, thereby controlling commodity webs and processing technology. It is argued that while flexing seems to increase diversity, in practice it typically increases this only for the processing industry; the converse occurs in terms of the unification of the productive base into monocultures. However, these two processes go hand in hand, and illustrate how flexing is a deeply capitalist process.     

对林业生态工程实施监理制的思考

随着我国工程管理体制的改革,在林业生态工程领域推行监理制已成为一个大趋势.但是,目前监理制并没有在林业生态工程建设项目中普遍实施,一些工程建设、施工方对工程监理的必要性和重要性没有一个正确清晰的认识,监理行为不规范等因素也影响了监理工作的整体效果.这就要求我们应从提高思想认识、完善监理办法及相应规范、调整投资结构、建立专门的监理公司、组建相应的行业管理机构、加强业务培训、提高素质水平等多方面进一步完善和规范林业生态工程监理制的方法和机制.随着我国林业生态工程建设管理体制的进一步理顺,工程管理的进一步规范,我国林业生态工程建设监理必将得到进一步的加强,从而在我国林业生态工程建设中发挥巨大的作用.     

论林业物权客体的确定——中国法律经验的总结与评析

我国林业法律中的林业物权客体相当宽泛，包括森林资源、森林、林木、林地、野生动物、野生植物等，但根据物权法的原理和立法，它们并不完全符合物权的特定性等要求。根据物权客体的标准和类型，林业物权的客体宜限定为林木、林地、野生动植物。     

从苗族古歌看苗族传统林业知识

有“苗族古代社会生活的百科全书”之称的《苗族古歌》综合反映了苗族古代社会的情况。传统林业思想是其科技文化中的一个重要方面。本文以古歌原文为依据 ,论述了它所反映的制种、整地、播种、移栽、砍伐、使用等的全过程。展现了苗族为丰富祖国林业文化所做出的贡献。     

涉林渎职犯罪“情节特别严重”标准探究——从经济损失的角度入手

罪刑相适应原则是刑法的基本原则,然而在具体的制度中常常存在量化标准的缺位。在涉林渎职犯罪中,已经明确将以违法发放林木采伐许可证之外的其他方式作为的渎职犯罪,定性为滥用职权罪或玩忽职守罪,但对于该类犯罪"情节特别严重"等升格量刑的标准,仍存在立法和解释上的不足,导致量刑畸轻,同类犯罪易发、多发。量刑标准的确立应综合考虑行为的社会危害性、侵害法益的差异性、立法技术的统一性等多重因素,在此基础上可推之,涉林渎职犯罪"情节特别严重"的认定宜遵循现有司法解释对渎职犯罪升格量刑的一般规律,将其确立在立案标准的5倍以上为宜。     

论当前森林公安派出所的工作改革

1997年公安部苏州会议确定了公安派出所工作的总体思路,林区森林公安派出所根据会议精神,根据林区实际情况,积极探索,从改革林场派出所体制入手,到改革森林公安派出所警务工作的深化,取得一定的成绩。同时,也必须看到影响和制约森林公安派出所深入改革的消极因素和困难也是存在的。     

东北亚区域林业经贸合作发展战略的有效实施

东北亚区域林业经贸合作是区域内各国可以先行的和最有潜力的合作领域。东北亚区域林业经贸合作应当走“区域发展、梯度重点推进”的实施战略,要以中俄森林资源合作开发利用作为推动整个区域林业经贸合作的切入点,以林业直接投资合作的启动为现实起点,以中俄林业经贸合作作为整个东北亚区域林业经贸合作的突破口来带动东北亚区域林业经贸合作的发展。