同治中兴:晚清政治体制模式与政治伦理的悖离

发生在清朝末年的同治中兴,虽在形式上保全了清政府君主专制中央集权的政权组织形式,但其政治体制模式却遭到结构性破坏———中央集权权力向地方督抚下移,而中兴所倚重的中兴名臣仍然抱持儒家封建政治伦理,造成清末政治体制模式与政治伦理相互悖离,双方均失去了在政治建设中的合法性和积极意义。其矛盾运动的结果,使中国近代社会政治新陈代谢的过程曲折而漫长,甚至迂回不前,并出现晚清政局特有的征象。     

菲律宾南部穆斯林分离运动的缘由——反抗组织领导层与普通穆斯林的意识形态错位

菲律宾南部摩洛人在几百年的反殖斗争中形成了以信仰伊斯兰教为基础的认同,这种同一性是战后菲律宾南部穆斯林反抗运动的主要精神动力.但是战后兴起的摩洛民族解放阵线、摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线及阿布沙耶夫三个反抗组织在发展过程中均没能从这种宗教同一性出发,反抗运动的领导层和下层穆斯林在意识形态上存在着错位的现象,普通穆斯林积极参加反抗运动另有原因.     

对我国《海商法》中有关航次租船合同的某些问题探讨

本文就航次租船合同的适用法律 ,合同订立形式 ,适航 ,绕航 ,运费支付 ,合同解除等问题做了浅析 ,并对《海商法》中某些相关条款提出修改建议     

定位、偏差与校正——谈《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》实施过程中的政府角色定位

虽然《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》已颁布实行,但没有从根本上解决暴力拆迁事件的发生。究其根源是地方政府对自身角色定位出现了偏差。因此,只有明确地方政府的合理角色,分析角色偏差产生的原因,提出针对性的校正措施,才能解决拆迁各方的矛盾和冲突,保护被拆迁人的合法权益,顺利推进我国城市化的进程。     

关于一类半无限多目标规划离散型算法的偏差估计

本文将文献[5]中的偏差估计公式推广到有任意多个目标函数和α∈(0, ∞)的情形并给出约束参数集维数可任意的数值例子.     

技术创新生态价值背离探析

技术创新因其生态功能而蕴涵着生态价值.但是,由于市场经济单一目标的追求,导致了技术创新生态价值的背离.需要探讨造成生态价值背离深刻的认识论原因和社会原因,实现技术创新生态价值的回归,确立技术创新生态化的范式转变,促进人与自然的和谐发展.     

Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden

Contemporary research on electoral integrity has focused on the functioning, evaluation, and legitimacy of electoral processes in emerging democracies. By contrast, this study investigates whether a failed election in a well-established democracy can affect individuals' evaluations of the electoral management body, the Election Authority, and whether those evaluations affect satisfaction with democracy. Using the case of a Swedish regional election in 2010 that had to be rerun due to procedural mistakes in the vote handling, we found that, in the short term, individuals’ confidence in the Election Authority was reduced after it was announced that the election had to be rerun because of the mistakes. Subsequently, this decreased confidence was strongly associated with less satisfaction with democracy at the regional and national level. As good news for the authority, after a successful rerun election, confidence rebounded to the levels prior to the failed election.     

行政自由裁量权行使中的显失公正问题及其防范

公正的价值,应是行政自由裁量权行使中追求的价值目标。目前在行政自由裁量权的行使过程中,由于一些原因导致了行政自由裁量权有可能偏离公正价值。本文试图分析行政自由裁量权运行过程中与公正偏离的可能性及其原因,并提出防范其偏离的有效性措施。     

公共政策执行中的委托代理关系分析

将经济学中的委托代理理论适用于公共政策执行分析,不难发现公共政策执行中存在委托代理关系。就我国而言,由于公共政策执行体制的特殊性,其委托代理关系也呈现出不同特点。委托代理关系及其所产生的代理问题成为公共政策执行偏差的重要原因。     

Hair analysis for cocaine: factors in laboratory contamination studies and their relevance to proficiency sample preparation and hair testing practices

Since the introduction in 2001 of a urine-based detection method for recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO), transfusion-doping practices have regained interest. To address this problem, an efficient antidoping test designed to obtain direct proof of allogeneic blood transfusion was developed and validated. This test, based on flow cytometry analysis of red blood cell (RBCs) phenotypes, was used to determine the absence or the presence of numerous RBCs populations in a blood sample. A such, it may constitute a direct proof of an abnormal blood population resulting from homologous transfusion. Single-blind and single-site studies were carried out to validate this method as a forensic quality standard analysis and to allow objective interpretation of real cases. The analysis of 140 blood samples containing different percentages (0-5%) of a minor RBCs population were carried on by four independent analysts. Robustness, sensitivity, specificity, precision and stability were assessed. ISO-accredited controls samples were used to demonstrate that the method was robust, stable and precise. No false positive results were observed, resulting in a 100% specificity of the method. Most samples containing a 1.5% minor RBCs population were unambiguously detected, yielding a 78.1% sensitivity. These samples mimicked blood collected from an athlete 3 months after a homologous blood transfusion event where 10% of the total RBCs present in the recipient originated in the donor. The observed false negative results could be explained by differences in antigen expression between the donor and the recipient. False negatives were more numerous with smaller minor RBCs populations. The method described here fulfils the ISO-17025 accreditation and validation requirements. The controls and the methodology are solid enough to determine with certainty whether a sample contains one or more RBCs populations. This variable is currently the best indicator for homologous blood transfusion doping.