以文化生命体的观点审视文化遗产地的可持续发展--以云南丽江古城为例

在一个具有生命力的文化遗产地,文化不是以独立的形态存在的,每种文化都有其依附的载体。自然生境、历史意境和创造该文化的人构成了三位一体的文化生命体,其中文化是其灵魂,人是其创造者,自然生境、历史意境及人是文化的载体。通过不断发挥人的主观能动性和创造性,文化生命体便得以持续发展。     

国(境)外公务接待的治理及其启示

国(境)外治理公款大吃大喝主要依托政府和社会两股力量:政府一般采用预算控制、区别对待客人、议会和审计监督、明确接待标准、严格财务管理、制定吃请禁令、管制吃喝行为等措施;新闻媒体监督、非政府组织参与、宗教信仰和饮食习惯等则是制约公款大吃大喝不可缺少的社会因素。国(境)外公务接待的治理措施对我国严肃整治公款大吃大喝有重要的借鉴意义和启示作用。     

从社会成因看娱乐场所女性吸毒的防控

与传统毒品痛苦的身体依赖症状相比,有＂俱乐部＂毒品之称的冰毒、摇头丸、K粉等新型毒品的生理成瘾症状很不明显。在这种极具欺骗性和诱惑性的药理特性和女性被动依附人格弱点的双重影响下,娱乐场所的女性陪侍者乃至商业＂性＂交易者成了新型毒品的最大受害者,女性作为男性主宰下的新型毒品消费市场受害者的角色轨迹清晰可辨。当前的禁毒工作应着重强调对吸毒女性＂病人＂和＂受害者＂身份的理解和宽容;应在提高女性素质,增强其自立自强能力的同时,尽快建立针对吸毒女性人格特点的社区帮教支持网络。     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

“限娱令”与我国的广播电视管理体制改革

娱乐节目管制的正当性在于公共利益原则。限娱令在当前的文化管理体制下有合理性,其与我国广播电视台的公益性定位相关联。然而,我国的广播电视管理体制存在过度行政化的问题,导致广播电视台的工具化和附庸化。去行政化和功能区分化是我国广播电管理体制改革的目标。我国的广播电视管理体制存在进一步改革的空间。     

The Daily Show: Discursive Integration and the Reinvention of Political Journalism

The boundaries between news and entertainment, and between public affairs and pop culture, have become difficult if not impossible to discern. At the intersection of those borders sits The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, a hybrid blend of comedy, news, and political conversation that is difficult to pigeon hole. Although the program often is dismissed as being “fake” news, its significance for political communication may run much deeper. This study first locates The Daily Show within an emerging media environment defined by the forces of technological multiplication, economic consolidation, and discursive integration, a landscape in which “real” news is becoming increasingly harder to identify or define. It then offers an interpretive reading of the program that understands the show not as “fake news,” but as an experiment in journalism. It argues that the show uses techniques drawn from genres of news, comedy, and television talk to revive a journalism of critical inquiry and advance a model of deliberative democracy. Given the increasing popularity of the program, this essay concludes that The Daily Show has much to teach us about the possibilities of political journalism in the 21st century.     

娱乐场所管理中治安信息之思考

治安信息是与治安管理工作、社会治安状况、治安环境等一切与治安有联系的客观情况，它是社会状态、社会行为与社会心理在公共安全方面的意识存留。在娱乐场所管理中治安信息的作用十分重要，它不但是行政管理决策的基础，也是沟通行政部门的纽带，是行政协调、监督、控制的依据。为此应通过各种有效途径获取治安信息，以期对娱乐场所治安管理发挥效能，进而促进社会经济发展，有利于社会主义和谐社会之构建。     

论我国异地商会管理体制的完善

随着社会主义市场经济的发展,近年来异地商会大量出现,对沟通政府和企业,推动区域经济合作交流起到了重要作用。然而由于相关法律制度的滞后性,在异地商会的管理体制上还存在着法律规定欠缺、外部管理体制混乱、内部管理体制不规范等问题。为此,应当制定统一的商会法,正确处理政府与商会的关系、转变政府职能、合理引导异地商会的发展,改革双重管理体制、使之逐渐向一元管理体制转变,放松一地一业一会的限制,完善异地商会的章程和内部组织机构,并建立健全民主决策机制和内部监督机制。     

对取消治安行政审批后娱乐场所治安管理的思考

取消娱乐场所设立的治安审批是顺应社会主义市场经济发展的客观要求,但同时也给公安机关传统治安管理模式带来了严峻的挑战,为此,公安机关必须增强服务意识、创新意识,积极探索新形势下娱乐场所治安管理新机制。     

TRAJECTORIES OF CRIME AT PLACES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF STREET SEGMENTS IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE*

Studies of crime at micro places have generally relied on cross‐sectional data and reported the distributions of crime statistics over short periods of time. In this paper we use official crime data to examine the distribution of crime at street segments in Seattle, Washington, over a 14‐year period. We go beyond prior research in two ways. First, we view crime trends at places over a much longer period than other studies that have examined micro places. Second, we use group‐based trajectory analysis to uncover distinctive developmental trends in our data. Our findings support the view that micro places generally have stable concentrations of crime events over time. However, we also find that a relatively small proportion of places belong to groups with steeply rising or declining crime trajectories and that these places are primarily responsible for overall city trends in crime. These findings are particularly important given the more general decline in crime rates observed in Seattle and many other American cities in the 1990s. Our study suggests that the crime drop can be understood not as a general process that occurred across the city landscape but one that was generated in a relatively small group of micro places with strong declining crime trajectories over time.