Empty schools and Silencios: pedagogical openings for memory-making in Colombia

This paper draws from Silencios – a photography series by the Colombian artist Juan Manuel Echavarría. Silencios comprises more than 120 portrayals of abandoned schools due to armed conflict in Los Montes de María, Colombia. Sharing Echeverría’s belief that ‘these chalkboards have lessons to tell us about war’, the author of this paper advocates for the pedagogical use of Silencios to promote and support memory works in Colombia. The present analysis acknowledges that hegemonic memories and narratives have a negative impact on conflict-affected societies due to their authoritarian and oppressive character.

Therefore, the pedagogical use of Silencios seeks to ignite multiple narratives and counterhegemonic memories that might emerge as the public interacts with the photography. The visuals, in this sense, become an educational opportunity to stimulate reflection and resistance against the monopoly of the past in a country that is currently emerging from conflict. In this paper, the abandoned schools are considered as memory sites, and as renewed learning spaces to stimulate reflections and debates upon the armed conflict. Silencios can contribute to peacebuilding efforts by bringing up the possibility to reconsider essentialist conceptions of peace, memory, and pedagogy, that might hinder potential venues for enduring peace in Colombia.     

Peace Pedagogy and Interpretative Frameworks of Distrust: State–Society Relations in the Colombian Peace Process

The Havana Peace Accords of 2016 sought to end five decades of internal conflict in Colombia. As well as disarming the FARC, they promise to bring state institutions to abandoned regions and enable citizen participation. However, there is an obstacle to this which has consistently been overlooked by Juan Manuel Santos' government: a chronic distrust in the state dating back to colonialism. This article draws on ethnographic research with the Colombian government's ‘peace pedagogy’ team, tasked innovatively with educating citizens about the Havana Accords and incorporating them in the co-production of peace. It shows that citizens' learning about state policies, and reception of state efforts to shape that learning, are filtered through pre-existing perceptions of the state: in Colombia, interpretative frameworks of distrust. This ethnography illuminates state–society relations in the Colombian peace process, offering implications for ongoing implementation of the Accords, and posing questions for other countries in transition, arguing that historically-constituted perceptions of the state should be taken into account when communicating government policies to society.     

文明学论纲--全球化时代文明反思的学理呼唤

在全球化的语境下，明的冲突与和解、转型与重建，已成为当代人类社会发展深层次的无法回避的时代课题。因此，更需要建立综合性、反思性、前瞻性的明学来审视明的内在本质，统观明的历史演进，评判明的人性价值，引导明的发展方向。明学正是全球化时代人类把握明命运的学理呼唤。     

公诉案件刑事和解的司法处置与检察监督

2012年修订后的刑事诉讼法将刑事和解制度正式纳入规范条款内,在一定程度上改变了刑事和解无法可依的局面。文章认为其所规定的适用范围仍有拓展空间,检察机关在刑事和解程序中对检察职权的运用尚需规范和完善。文章结合刑诉法的有关规定及检察机关的职权对刑事和解适用范围及依检察职权进行的司法处置进行了探讨。     

刑事和解之中国路径

刑事和解作为一种独特的刑事纠纷解决机制,对保护涉案双方权益,促进加害人回归社会,修复受损关系,增进社会和谐具有极其重要的意义,修正后的《刑事诉讼法》分三个条文对刑事和解作出原则规定。要准确把握具有中国特色的刑事和解制度,就必须结合中国现实,反思其观念分歧,探寻刑事和解的中国化路径。刑事和解在我国适用过程中存在着观念分歧以及实践"困境",只有把握好刑事和解的适用范围、条件以及阶段,并加强监督,才能更好地服务于以人为本及社会和谐的价值目标。     

我国医疗纠纷解决机制之重构

在未来医疗纠纷还会进一步大量增加的趋势下,重新审视我们以往解决医疗纠纷的途径是否有效及其局限所在显属必要。同时,根据医疗纠纷解决时须兼顾维系医患之间的和谐关系的特点和需求,妥善建构和选用医疗纠纷所适合的程序制度和程序法理,使我国医疗纠纷解决机制多元化、合理化。     

刑事和解协议法律效力的理论考察

刑事和解协议是刑事和解制度化路径中的关键点,因其具有契约和司法文书的双重属性,其要素和格式必须完备规范,其法律效力的来源和实现途径也具有不同于普通契约和司法文书的特点,其无效后的处理应区别情况慎重对待。     

检察机关适用刑事和解制度探究

文章通过分析检察机关适用刑事和解制度存在的问题,提出相应的解决对策:一要建立检察监督制约机制;二要充实队伍力量,完善调查机制;三要制定相对确定的经济赔偿标准,实现最大公平;四要赋予刑事和解协议书强制执行力,健全当事人反悔的处理体系。     

问题与对策：“刑事和解”制度的实证分析——以和解协议的规制为视角

本文以对刑事和解的实证研究为基础，对实践中存在的刑事和解适用标准不统一、适用率相对较低、适用程序不规范、和解方式单一等问题进行了分析，介绍了针对刑事和解适用范围、刑事和解机构、刑事和解流程等进行的试点改革，并提出了对刑事和解进行规制的建议。     

刑事和解制度悖而不离的价值辩证

刑事和解是西方社会语境下孕育出来的一种新的刑事法思潮,它对西方的刑事立法和司法实践产生了深远的影响。立基于对刑事和解制度与规范刑法学系列理论"表象悖离"的相关论说的否证,为几度蒙冤的刑事和解制度进行了辩护。刑法的个人本位转向、被害人学及恢复性正义的理论支撑视域都证明:刑事和解制度与我国"权威"规范刑事法理论存有内在的"悖而不离"。以我国"和为贵"的道德观念、公众的社会心理、经济绩效及宽严相济刑事政策等为视角对该制度进行理论纠偏与价值辩证,可以为刑事和解制度在我国的构建提供可行的途径。