The politics of return: exploring the future of Syrian refugees in Jordan,Lebanon and Turkey

Abstract

Although the Syrian conflict continues, local and global stakeholders have already begun to consider the return of the six million refugees, especially as neither the option of local integration in the countries of first asylum nor that of resettlement to third countries is seen as a realistic possibility. Elaborating on the return debates in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan, we relate the politicisation of this question to the growing acceptance of the option of voluntary and involuntary repatriation in the international refugee regime as well as to policies and public opinion. We argue, based on empirical fieldwork, that any debate about the return of Syrian refugees is problematic, since the conditions of safety, voluntariness and sustainability are not fulfilled. Further, returns should not be left entirely to the individual hosting states and actors in the region but should be carried out in collaboration with representative authorities in Syria and the mediation of international organisations upon full resolution of conflict.     

浅析“拒不退还”的几个问题

通过对“拒不退还”与“非法占为已有”的关系、“拒不退还”的最后时限、“拒不退还”的认定的分析探讨，可以为司法实践中如何认定侵占罪提供一定的借鉴。     

检察机关自行补充侦查制度研究

在退回补充侦查制度已经出现了实体功能有限、程序功能异化以及衍生检警矛盾等诸多流弊的情况下,学界仍然致力于进一步完善这一制度的理论构建,始终忽略了自行补充侦查所具有的理论与实践上的价值,原因在于我们对检察机关自行补充侦查的认识存在偏差。自行补充侦查并非旨在为公安机关的侦查提供"帮手",而是需要强调其"监督者"与"引导者"的角色。对于完善补充侦查制度来说,检察机关自行补充侦查具有关键意义,更重要的是,自行补充侦查制度亦为检察官客观义务的履行、审判中心主义的刑事司法制度改革以及当前检警关系的改善所必需。     

论出卖人返还财产请求权的属性及限制——以合同被撤销为切入点

因为我国法在物权变动模式上未采纳物权形式主义的立场,故当买卖合同被撤销后,出卖人请求返还买卖标的物的权利兼具不当得利返还请求权这一债权请求权和原物返还请求权这一物权请求权的双重权利属性。出卖人请求返还买卖标的物这一权利是否适用诉讼时效,应根据权利人请求权基础及标的物类型予以区别:若权利人主张行使不当得利返还请求权,不论返还标的物是动产还是不动产,均适用诉讼时效;若权利人主张行使原物返还请求权,仅在返还标的物属于普通动产或未登记特殊动产时,才有适用诉讼时效的空间。基于有效维护交易安全、保护当事人合法权益的考量,出卖人请求返还买卖标的物的权利不能对抗善意占有的第三人,且不论第三人所享有的是物权还是债权。未来制定我国民法典司法解释宜对此加以明确规定。     

转变运作方式，提高退耕还林（草）的效益

实施西部大开发的重要工程──生态环境建设，应当培养市场主体，使民间组织或企业成为生态建设的主体。改变以往的政府行为为市场行为，以提高退耕还林( 草)的效益。     

《诗经》《楚辞》“还乡”母题原型及比较研究

"还乡"母题渊源于原始蒙昧时代的生命体验和思考,及至<诗经><楚辞>时代衍生出现实性以及个体生命"存在之思"的精神性"还乡"内容,成为后世文学的书写和想象的灵感源泉.在中国文学史上,<诗经>第一次集中书写了农耕文明背景上的"还乡",在回归家园以及对生命来源的感恩中,<诗经>流贯着人世之归的素朴世俗情怀.比较而言,诞生于巫风盛行楚地的<楚辞>,因其更多原始文明神秘性和宗教感的存续,诗人一方面行吟于人世之归的"还乡"之路,另一方面又走向超迈的神界之游.     

Migration and geopolitical preferences

This paper investigates the impact of work experience abroad on migrants’ geopolitical preferences. For this purpose, I analyze representative survey data from Moldova, a country caught in an ideological battle between Russia and the West, with high emigration rates to both destinations. In a first step, I show that return migrants from the West are significantly more likely to support European Union (EU) accession than non-migrants, while return migrants from the East are more likely to support closer ties with Russia, controlling for economic, demographic, and ethnic confounding factors. In a second step, I use district-level variation in migrant networks as an instrument for individual migration. Second-stage regressions show that work experience in the West increases support for EU accession, while no evidence of causal effects is found for work experience in the East. Differences in information exposure and migration policies between the EU and Russia may explain this asymmetry.     

Return Migration

Abstract

Immigration to the United States (U.S.) is made for many different reasons, which may be economic, political, or social or any combination of them, and subsequent reverse migration may occur for any of the same reasons. Discussion of immigration and the variety of circumstances attendant to it are wide-ranging, but usually such discussions rely on figures related to migration into the country and overlook, either purposefully or accidentally the fact that return migration has always been a significant movement in this country. This article raises the issue of limited data gathering by the U.S. on reverse migration despite the sizeable amount and quite reliable demographic information on arrivals. Discussions of social services for immigrants, therefore, cannot be considered complete or even competent if they do not include careful consideration of and attention to return migration.     

International Hague Network of Judges: Significance in Implementation of the 1980 and 1996 Hague Conventions on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (“the Convention”) provides for the prompt return to the country of habitual residence of children taken by a parent from one country to another. It was created to address the threshold problem in such cases, that is, which court should determine the rights of the parties involved. In a case under the Convention, the court's concern is which country is the country of habitual residence and practical aspects of the return to ensure the safety of the child and the taking parent. This article will discuss the formation of the International Hague Network of Judges (IHNJ), why it is crucial in the advancement of the Convention's goals, and, specifically, what it does to educate judges and facilitate communication between judges, and how the IHNJ can facilitate the return, including providing information on services, procedures, and protections offered in the countries of return.     

Social Return on Investment Analysis of Government Purchases of Social Service Projects

Whether government purchases of public services is worth？It draws great attention from the public, but the objective method has not been found to respond to this issue. Concerning the value measurement in government purchases of social service projects, this paper examines the applicability of the existing evaluation methods, reconstructs evaluation models based on the Social Return of Investment (SROI) analysis model, and makes a preliminary study of one case. The study found that SROI not only can fully describe all the stakeholders’ input, output and outcome in the project, but can quantify the cost, effect and a return on investment, which checked whether services have created a default value of efficiency, quality, effect and fairness. However, SROI still faces restrictions on calculating cost and effect, collecting assessment data and effect pricing of stakeholders. Consequently, this paper suggests to establish evaluation criterion of project value, to build information platform of public service evaluation, and to develop relevant analysis tools, thus we can construct value measurement framework of government purchases of social service projects.