以构筑公平正义的劳动关系为着力点推动和谐社会建设

和谐社会构建的主要基础之一,是劳动关系的和谐。工会在构建和谐劳动关系过程中,具有重要作用,其基本途径是在协调劳动关系、解决其矛盾中,坚持公平和正义的原则。要以“发展为先,职工为本,基层为重,创新为魂”作为工会工作的理念。     

Bargaining for justice: A means to resolve competing justice claims

In many types of social situations, individuals defend their claims to a portion of the rewards by arguing that they are just. Although a great deal of research demonstrates that individuals differ in their distribution preferences and thus their beliefs about what is fair, the literature curiously omits consideration of the consequences of these differences, especially the conflict they may engender. This paper first reviews the few attempts to address such justice conflict. The limitations of these approaches suggest concerns to be addressed in an alternative framework. The paper presents a theoretical discussion of this alternative that integrates assumptions about distribution preferences, justice beliefs, conditions fostering the emergence of justice conflict, and elements of negotiation processes as a basic framework for predictions about the bargaining strategies individuals may employ to resolve competing justice claims.     

Fairnes issues and job satisfaction among korean employees: The significance of status value and procedural justice in work orientation

This study investigates how justice or fairness issues such as procedural justice, distributive justice, and status equity affect job satisfaction among Korean employees. Incorporating cultural values and social norms salient in Korea, the study hypothesizes that perceptions of procedural justice enhance more job satisfaction than perceptions of distributive justice among Korean employees. Another hypothesis, based on Korean employees' aspiration for higher occupational status, predicts that perceptions of status equity, i.e., occupational prestige of their current jobs relative to their human capital, also increase job satisfaction more than perceptions of distributive justice. These two hypotheses were tested with a sample of 501 full-time employees in Korea. Supporting the hypotheses, the results indicated that (i) perceptions of procedural justice produce more job satisfaction than do perceptions of distributive justice; and (ii) perceptions of status equity are the most important factor predicting job satisfaction among the three fairness issues. Cross-cultural implications of these findings are discussed in more detail.The author thanks Professor Hyunho Seok and the Korean Social Science Council (KSSC) for their 1990 national survey data sets.     

弱势群体对社会稳定的影响

我国目前弱势群体在承受“弱势”所带来的种种伤害的同时,正以一种极具破坏性的 方式表达为“强势”,并迫使社会在承受和消弭其影响时支付日益高昂的成本。这种社会机器内部 的撞击,已经严重地影响了整体运行的安全性和稳定性,而确立公平则是解决问题的前提和基础。     

论我国基础教育的性别公平

自从1986年实施《义务教育法》以来,我国的基础教育得到了巨大发展,男女两性不仅享有法律上平等的受教育权利,而且实际的受教育机会也日益平等。但是,在不同地区以及城乡之间,基础教育领域的性别差异依然不同程度地存在,基础教育中的性别平等还没有完全实现,而且,随着社会经济转型,新的问题也在基础教育领域不断出现。本文采用全国第五次人口普查以及第二次中国妇女社会地位抽样调查的数据,从基础教育的入学机会、教育过程和内容以及教育结果三个层次上来讨论目前我国基础教育领域存在的性别差异,力图从教育公正以及性别平等的角度来说明基础教育中存在的性别不平等。尤其是在贫困农村地区和流动人口中,相当数量的女童的受教育权利还没有得到切实保障。本文建议,要从政府、家庭以及教育系统本身着手消除基础教育体制、观念以及内容上的性别差异。     

合同法价值构造变革

合同法的价值有公平、自由、效率等。其中,合同自由成为近现代合同法的各种价值的载体和集中体现。垄断出现后,合同自由受到格式合同、强制缔约、消费者权益保护法、劳动法、一般条款等的限制,并且,在效率原则及经济全球化的推动下,合同法出现了统一化趋势。在现代,合同自由仍然是一项基本原则,但合同法的价值构造发生了变革。     

测验与访谈在公正性上的较量——关于警察心理测试公正性的探讨

由于职业的特殊性 ,警察的心理素质对其工作有着特殊的重要性。近年来 ,对警察心理素质的日益关注使得许多单位在选拔警察时都加强了对其心理素质的考核 ,但人们在热衷于心理测试的同时 ,却对测试中的公正性缺乏足够的关注。通过对访谈与测验两种测试方式在公正性上的比较 ,探讨警察心理测试技术中的公正性问题颇具现实意义。     

Distributional impact assessments and the record of the Coalition Government: the tyranny of numbers without interpretation

This paper reflects upon the gross discrepancies between the reassurances given in 2010 by the 2010-2015 UK Coalition Government that their budget and welfare cuts would fall ‘fairly’ across the income spectrum, and the reality of what had happened by the end of that government. It asks how the ‘distributional impact assessment’ provided with the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review could have been so wrong. In seeking to answer this question, types of systematic bias are considered along with a discussion of ‘marginality’ in assessments of impact. Drawing upon the role of ‘power’ in impact assessment, it traces the ways in which methodological assumptions can eclipse the real life effects of policies behind ‘the average’ as well as by the unfair selection of the ‘unit-of-analysis’.     

大陆法系缺席判决制度价值取向研究——从缺席判决主义到一方辩论主义视角的考察

缺席判决制度自古罗马时即已有之,从缺席判决主义模式到一方辩论主义模式的变迁反映了缺席判决制度从纯粹作为的一种终结程序的手段和一种惩罚措施转向更加重视程序的正当性即程序公正问题,但就缺席判决制度本身而言,它是为了诉讼的效益而设。