房地产抵押贷款证券化：对法律的影响及对策思考

房地产抵押贷款证券化是一种能融通巨资 ,转嫁金融机构提供房地产抵押贷款产生的风险的金融技术。引进这种技术对我国民法、公司法、证券法等众多法律部门造成了冲击。本文通过分析它的概念、各环节的法律性质而指出这些冲击 ,并认为应对有关法律做相应的补充或修改。此外 ,还应由全国人大常委会授权国务院对资产证券化专项立法     

The Analysis of 3D Printer Dust for Forensic Applications,,

3D printers are becoming increasingly efficient and economical, and thus more widespread and easily accessible to consumers and businesses. They have been used to print nefarious objects such as guns and suppressors. Previous research has documented the release of dust particles during the printing process; however, little has been written about the morphology and chemical features that define the dust emitted by these printers. This study was undertaken to recover, analyze, and identify the dust produced during the printing process in the context of forensic trace evidence analysis. Samples were collected from a variety of 3D fused deposition modeler printers, representing both consumer and commercial grade models. This work focused on printers that use thermoplastic filaments composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA), two of the most commonly used filament polymers. Swabs were used to collect dust within the printer chamber and then processed to isolate the dust particles. Particles produced from ABS filaments are most easily recognized via light microscopy through a combination of color, morphology, and fluorescence. The composition of these particles can be confirmed through analysis by either FTIR or Raman microspectroscopy. These methods can also be used to identify ABS fillers and pigments within the printer dust particles. In contrast, dust from PLA printers consistently contained finer, submicron-sized particles that could be observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Because the size of the particles precludes their identification using vibrational spectroscopy methods, pyrolysis-GC-MS was used to confirm the presence of PLA.     

资产证券化项目融资模式的法律诠释

资产证券化是国际项目融资模式之一 ,是联系项目和资本市场的重要纽带。项目融资中的项目资产具有预期收入较为稳定和变现性较差等特征 ,该特征不利于项目资金的及时融通。而证券具有发达的市场、完备的法律制度、投资者广泛、风险分散、便于融资等特征。基于二者的互补性 ,产生了资产证券化的融资模式。首先 ,项目资产通过真实交易 ,转让给特殊目的公司 ,是实现项目资产证券化的前提 ;其次 ,通过信用提高等法律手段 ,可以弱化投资者对项目资产变现性较差特征的关注 ,满足证券法的有关要求 ,促进资产证券化的进行 ;第三 ,合理的税法制度是降低项目融资成本、促进项目资产和资本互动的重要法律杠杆 ,是资产证券化的重要保证。以上三个方面是从法律角度诠释资产证券化的重要内容 ,同时这三个方面互为影响 ,缺一不可     

助学贷款的风险转移：贷款证券化

助学贷款的总体规模与我国高等教育发展的需求不匹配,贷款风险逐步显现,银行进一步放贷积极性不高.来源于资产证券化的助学贷款证券化这一金融创新工具,可以有效分散和转移风险,提高银行资产的流动性和盈利性,从而使银行积极主动地开展助学贷款业务,协调借贷双方的矛盾.助学贷款证券化作为一个新的金融创新工具,由于尚存在着制度体系不匹配的障碍,在国内金融市场上尚未真正起步.我国资本市场基本具备助学贷款证券化的条件,从资产证券化的本质特征以及我国助学贷款的开展潜能、外部投资环境等因素来看,我国实行助学贷款证券化符合我国现阶段的国情,具有良好的发展前景.建议政府出台相应政策与之匹配,让这一金融创新成果在我国资本市场得到迅速有效的实施.     

论遗传资源获取与惠益分享中的事先知情同意制度

为了应对遗传资源利用中的"生物剽窃"现象,对遗传资源的获取与惠益分享进行有效管制,1992年《生物多样性公约》借鉴其他领域的成功经验,引入了事先知情同意的程序制度,并为各国建立国家与利益相关者的双重事先知情同意制度确立了国际法框架。事先知情同意要求遗传资源获取申请者应在其生物开发活动开展之前的合理期限内寻求相关主体的同意,在这段时间内相关主体可以根据获取申请者以合理方式提供的信息做到全面知情,并以特定格式就获取申请者的获取与惠益分享安排作出明确的、肯定的授权。