抵押预告登记优先受偿效力的解释论

作为预告登记的一个子类型,按照法教义学的逻辑推演,抵押预告登记并不产生优先受偿效力。但该制度的创设目的在于满足商品房预售交易中当事人的担保需求,若抵押预告登记权利人最终无法实现优先受偿权,这一制度将难以发挥其应有的作用,最终沦为具文。当符合已办理建筑物所有权首次登记且预告登记未失效等条件时,抵押预告登记转本登记的实质条件已满足,允许抵押预告登记权利人直接行使优先受偿权并不违反物权法基本原理。虽然《民法典担保制度解释》最终未对强制执行程序中抵押预告登记的效力作出规定,但不妨碍预告登记权利人依照该司法解释第52条第1款的规定行使优先受偿权。在破产程序中,抵押预告登记权利人行使优先受偿权无须以已办理建筑物所有权首次登记为前提,优先受偿的范围也不应限制在人民法院受理破产申请时抵押财产的价值范围内。     

A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD ISSUE:

In 1997, the Office of Child Support Enforcement initiated the State Child Access and Visitation (AV) Grant Program, which involves annual awards of $10 million to states to promote the development of programs to alleviate access problems. Telephone interviews with 970 parents who used mediation, parent education, and supervised visitation programs funded by AV grants in nine states revealed that the programs are reaching diverse groups of parents including many low-income, non-White, and unmarried parents who receive no other type of access assistance. The programs also appear to be achieving the major objectives posited for them by the federal government. One-third to one-half of noncustodial parents in every program type reported that parent–child contact increased following program participation, with supervised visitation users who typically had the lowest levels of parent–child contact reporting a significant increase in the number of days of contact. A review of child support records for 173 program users in three states revealed that child support payments increased among participants following program participation, especially for never-married parents who paid a significantly higher proportion of what they owed. These findings are similar to results reported in a five-state study of mediation programs funded by AV grants that was conducted by the Office of the Inspector General. However, both studies have some serious limitations, including low response rates and the absence of a nontreatment comparison group.     

对我国《海商法》中有关航次租船合同的某些问题探讨

本文就航次租船合同的适用法律 ,合同订立形式 ,适航 ,绕航 ,运费支付 ,合同解除等问题做了浅析 ,并对《海商法》中某些相关条款提出修改建议     

Living and working as a domestic worker in the Middle East: the experience of migrant returnees in Girana town,North Wollo,Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

This article explores the migration experiences of Ethiopian migrant returnees from domestic work in the Gulf countries and Lebanon. The returnees reside in the town of Girana located in Habru sub-district, North Wollo zone of Amhara region. There is much female work migration to the Arab Middle East from the town, particularly to Saudi Arabia through Muslim pilgrimage. Employing a qualitative method, the study examines how the returnee women perceived and experienced labour migration and analyzes the impacts of labour migration on childcare, family survival back home, and debt payment. The returnees made voluntary regular and irregular labour migration to the region and engaged in domestic work, which is not preferred by the host society. However, domestic work is unregulated by the labour policy of the destination countries. This made the returnees’ employment situation rather exploitative, exacerbating their vulnerability to abuses, ethnic denigration, and undermining of cultural identity.     

不完全给付之证明责任探究

在对不完全给付各要件证明责任的讨论中，最具争议的是可归责性要件的证明责任分配。德国和日本学界主张可归责性事由为债务人的免责事由，应当由债务人负责举证。而我国台湾地区学者认为根据证明责任的一般分配原则，该要件的证明责任应当由债权人承担，但在具体案件中出现证明责任倒置的情况时则由债务人承担。目前我国法律条文尚未对不完全给付的证明责任进行明文规定，所以应当依证明责任的一般分配原则由债权人进行举证。继而为了减轻弱势方的证明负担，法官应当运用经验法则、表见证明等原理；证明妨碍规则和案件事实解明义务也可以帮助法官认定事实。     

侵权责任法争点要议——从规范创制的实然与应然价值视角论之

应当看到,在民法体系中,侵权责任法几乎涵盖了财产与人身损害的所有情形,并成为债法的重要组成部分,无疑,权利保护与义务负担是其厘清责任所必需的核心价值要素,然而,这一切又是通过诉讼权利予之实现的,由此可见,一部法律的致臻完善不仅要赋予当事人应有的实体权利,同时亦应设定必要的诉讼管道,即"无救济则无权利"。显然,我国侵权责任法较之发达国家立法例而言在对权利保护和责任负担以及救济方式上显有欠缺。故此,导致在规范的科学性、权利的充分性与责任的完整性等方面的争议不断。     

论非工伤侵权基本医疗保险先行支付问题

我国《社会保险法》第30条第2款规定了先行支付制度,由于当前的规定不够细致,在实际运用中出现了一些问题。先行支付,应在把握保障参保人基本利益的原则、补偿性原则和追偿原则的前提下,从申请、审核与支付、追偿三个环节来完善。     

美元的信用下降与中国的策略选择

全球经济正在经历着一场前所未有的变革,而美元则站在这场变革的前沿。可以看到,随着美元的不断贬值,美国物价上涨的速度有时会超过收入增长的速度。随着美元购买力的下跌,美国人以不变价格计算的真实收入实际上在下降,他们不得不用更多的美元去购买相同的东西,相对落后的收入增长却无法弥补价格的膨胀。在国际贸易上,美国的贸易赤字不断扩大,而且还会继续扩大,美国已成为世界最大的债务国,美国经济中的泡沫加剧了美国经济的滑坡,令人遗憾的是,美国无法就此刹车,美元的国际信用下降是不可遏制的。美元信用下降将给全球带来巨大影响,我国必须对此做出策略选择。     

论医疗过失损害赔偿责任的适当限制规则

医疗过失损害赔偿责任与一般的人身损害赔偿责任不同,具有一定的特殊性,因此,应当确立医疗损害赔偿适当限制规则。具体的限制方法,应当限制精神损害抚慰金的赔偿数额、应当对医疗过失引起的财产损害赔偿运用原因力规则合理确定、应当特别强调定期金赔偿在医疗过失损害赔偿中的适用和应当借鉴排除间接来源规则在医疗过失损害赔偿中实行损益相抵规则。     

突破“事权与财力相统一”观念，构建现代公共服务体系

以“事权与财权相对应”来解决政府间职责配置问题的思路，无法揭示转移支付所蕴含的深刻政治逻辑，已与新体制发生了明显的不协调，应适时更新为“公共服务职责与财力相匹配”。因此，本文认为应通过完善的转移支付促成各级政府公共服务职责与财力相匹配，进而发挥转移支付的控制机能。