司法鉴定领域分类和能力范围表述的国内外比较研究

对司法鉴定领域开展科学、有效的分类,进行统一规范的能力范围表述,有助于建立完整的司法鉴定标准化体系,能为司法鉴定机构合理规划组织结构、准确定位发展方向提供指引,也能为司法鉴定行业管理部门的规范化管理提供帮助。对该领域分类和能力表述开展国内外比较分析,是实现上述目标的基础性研究。目前我国在司法鉴定领域的分类方法尚未统一,与国外法庭科学认可分类方法相比,尚有部分项目未纳入分类范围之内;国内能力范围表述在目的、方式、详细程度上与国外相比亦有不同。本文对国内外行业管理组织和国际权威认可机构司法鉴定领域分类及能力范围表述进行了比较分析,研究解析其内容及差异,并提出了制定司法鉴定领域分类国家标准、扩展司法鉴定领域分类内容、适时调整司法鉴定能力范围表述内容等建议。     

基于LSTM-CNN的中文短文本分类模型

针对中文语言本身特点,以及传统文本分类方法不能有效应对短文本分类的问题,本文构建了基于LSTM-CNN的中文短文本分类模型。该模型使用word2vec对待分类文本进行预处理,以获得字词级别的向量;再将词向量送入LSTM层提取语义特征,并通过卷积层提取局部特征;在利用最大池化的方法获得特征向量后,将其放入softmax分类器以得到分类的最终结果。与现有的SVM、KNN、CapsNet和Labeled-LDA的实验结果相比,该分类模型能够有效提高中文短文本分类的准确率。     

The Formal Delegation of Regulatory Decisions in the Telecommunication Sector: An Explanation Using Classification Trees

Research on regulation has traditionally focused on studying the delegation of regulatory competencies from political principals to an independent regulatory agency. In this article, we argue that this delegation is nuanced by different factors that affect whether a specific regulatory decision is formally delegated. We examine and explain formal delegation patterns at the level of individual regulatory decisions in twelve countries located in Europe, Latin America, and South Asia. The data were gathered by coding the twelve countries' telecommunications legislation. The data analysis was undertaken using a classification tree model—a nonparametric model. We found that the maturity of the market has the greatest effect on the formal delegation of regulatory decisions, but this effect is also influenced by the other theoretical factors considered, particularly the level of political constraints and the type of regulation.     

平等和差异：近代性“别”观念双重特性的建构

近代生物进化论传人中国，彻底改变了儒家人伦关系中的“人”观，建立起以生物为基础的“人”的观念。同为人类和男女类分——依据生物性（sex）分成两个性属——的观念同步建立起来。平等和差异是内在于生物人观的两种规范，它们作为女权运动的两种基本理据，在近代却使女权运动陷入了两难困境：诉诸同类，希望成为和男人一样的人，就会落入男人已设定的标准；诉诸差异，做一个与男性不一样的女性，意味着成为男性的“她者”。     

论证据学中“推定”的分类——基于推定基础的类型化界定

囿于传统的分类方法,以及时推定基础的单一化解释,我国学术界对于推定的研究尚处于比较浅的层次,司法实践中推定的适用也处于比较混乱的状态.推定的基础应为政策考量与价值权衡而不仅仅是盖然性.从多元的推定基础出发,可以将推定分为政策保护型推定、政策负担型推定、规则预设型推定以及纯粹盖然性推定.     

税收征管质效与税务稽查体系建设

分税制财政体制改革后的20多年来，随着税制改革的不断深入及征管模式的优化调整．我国的税收工作取得了一定的成绩。税务稽查作为税收征管的最后一道防线，对维护税法的严肃性，保证税款的及时入库，发挥了重要作用。因此，对税务稽查模式的深入探讨，有助于提高税收征管效能。     

Ethno-racial identity (politics) by law: “Fraud” and “choice”

Following an introduction to the changes in how ethno-racial identity is conceptualized in the social sciences and humanities by the destabilization of categorical frameworks, the author looks at how law reacts to these discussions and paradigm shifts, and argues that legal and administrative approaches face severe linguistic and conceptual limitations by operating within a “choice” and “fraud” binary. The article then questions if the free choice of identity exists as a principle of international minority protection law, a legal field that arguably represents a global political and ethical consensus. The author makes two claims. First, according to the basic tenet of legal logic, a proper right to free choice of identity allowing people to opt out of racial, ethnic, or national (minority) communities would necessitate the freedom to opt in to the majority or to any chosen group. The second claim, however, is that international law would not actually construct an approach to opting in. Thus, the right to free choice of identity is not an autonomous, sui generis right under international law.     

The faces of death: regional differentiation in cause-specific mortality in the past

In mortality research, much attention has been paid to the strong geographical differentials in mortality levels and in modern mortality decline, as the analysis of this geographical differentiation might hold the key to explaining the determinants of mortality change. The use of historical cause-specific mortality data has proved a challenging, although very insightful, means to this end. The four contributions to this special issue focus on cause-specific mortality in the past, both to reassess older data using new insights and to challenge existing insights by using new data and methods. These papers, of which earlier versions were presented during the thirty-eighth Social Science History Association (SSHA) Meeting in Chicago, 21–24 November 2013, explore mortality at different stages of the life course, ranging from early infancy to old age. Moreover, each paper revolves around a different group of causes of death. Although the papers are in many ways rather different, together they demonstrate how different data, theoretical frameworks and methodologies can push the boundaries of research into the trends and determinants of historical mortality patterns.     

商贸英语长句的分类、理解与翻译

以商贸英语长句中的主要句子成分即主语、谓语与宾语为依据,可以将之分为四类：施动者复杂化、动作复杂化、受动者复杂化、以上二者或三者同时复杂化,理解商贸英语长句的根本就在于把复杂句简单化。