日本以信息公开诉讼反腐败的经验及其法治意义

日本于1980年代中期，开始出现了一种新型行政诉讼案件，即交际费、食粮费信息公开诉讼，其历时久，影响大，不仅制止公款消费效果明显，而且推进了行政程序法、信息公开法等重要法律的制定，为实现日本行政法制由近代法治到现代法治的升级换代作出了特殊贡献，对发展我国的信息公开与反腐倡廉制度具有借鉴意义。     

论违约行使土地使用权的法律后果——以私法规范在行政管理中的应用为视角

按规定用途、规划条件及动工期限利用土地，并非根源于土地使用权出让合同的私法义务，而实质上是土地使用权人所负公法义务进入私法领域后的一种变脸。因此，不能纯粹以私法思维解释违约行使土地使用权的法律后果。当土地使用者违约行使权利时，土地行政管理部门应责令限期改正，并视违约或违法情况，采取必要的行政强制措施，并可施以罚款。如果穷尽适当的行政强制措施或行政处罚仍不能制止违法用地行为，土地行政管理部门可以私法方式解除出让合同，终止土地使用权，并要求土地使用者支付惩罚性违约金或赔偿金。     

试论乡镇机构改革的保障：依法行政（定编）及税费改革

新一轮乡镇机构改革,必须以依法行政(定编)作为根本保障,并以税费改革作为重要保障,从而才能真正实现乡镇政府职能的转变和富余人员的成功分流。     

非婚生育社会抚养费征收范围之界定

实践中对于非婚生育是否应当征收社会抚养费存在争议,而争议的背后是社会伦理道德、规范解读和理论适用等多方面因素共同作用的结果。非婚生育社会抚养费在行政收费原理下应围绕国家主体以概括量化的数字形式确定范围,避免婚姻状态对费用征收范围界定产生的影响。同时,在规范视角下,法律规定的“国家提倡一对夫妻生育两个子女”属于强制性义务,但不宜解读为禁止非婚生育行为。婚生与非婚生育本质上同属于生育行为,在同一体系内应当保证费用征收的同一性。因此,必须基于理论和规范的分析,方可界定非婚生育社会抚养费征收范围。     

Resettlement and development in Indonesia

This article deals with resettlement management in Indonesia, which involves a number of policy and implementation issues concerning land acquisition, compensation, and resettlement practices in development projects.¹ The principal objective of this article is to identify a set of policy measures gleaned from past experiences in Indonesia and to present a comparative review of how other countries have addressed land acquisition and resettlement issues, including the latest donor policies concerning resettlement of people affected by the development processes. Several resettlement case studies in Indonesia are briefly presented to identify past mistakes and successes. The Indonesian experience is then assessed in the light of international “best practices” for retooling policy, including adoption of an appropriate resettlement policy in Indonesia. The role of local government bodies, non-government and community-based organizations in resettlement management and their beneficial involvements in resettlement planning and implementation is briefly discussed.     

The rank,stock, order and epidemic effects of technology adoption: an empirical study of bounce protection programs

Karshenas and Stoneman (RAND J Econ 24(4):503–528, 1993) gathered four theories of technology adoption: the rank, stock, order and epidemic effects. Tests of these four effects reveal support for rank and epidemic but not the stock or order effects. Since then numerous other studies have tried to find evidence in support of the stock and order effects. But evidence has been elusive, until now. Further, a survey by Frame and White (J Econ Lit 42:116–144, 2004) concludes that much more work is needed into financial innovation. This paper accomplishes three goals: (1) evidence is found to support certain technology adoption theories (the order effects and possibly the stock effects), (2) since the technology under consideration is a financial innovation called bounce protection, the paper answers Frame and White’s call for papers, and (3) refinements are made to the Karshenas and Stoneman methodology and found to be superior to the original empirical model.

刑事专家辅助人的几点思考

刑诉法第192条第2款规定了专家辅助人可以出庭就鉴定意见发表意见,专家辅助人制度对于保障控辩双方在专门问题上的平等对抗,维护司法公正意义重大。立法的规定过于原则,对专家辅助人的立场、专家辅助人的查阅权、专家辅助人的费用等3个问题的准确理解和适用能保证有效发挥专家辅助人的功能。     

England's New Scheme for Funding Higher Education through Student Fees: ‘Fair and Progressive’?

From September 2012 most home undergraduates at English universities are being charged fees of £9,000 per annum. These are funded by a government loan, which attracts interest from the moment they start their course; after three years their accumulated debt exceeds £30,000. They can also borrow to cover their living costs, on the same terms, so that those studying in London can graduate with a debt of more than £50,000—although those from low‐income families can obtain grants and universities are encouraged to provide bursaries and other support to students from underrepresented groups. Graduates start repaying their debts once their annual income exceeds £21,000—at a rate of 9% of the difference between their income and that figure: until the debt is fully repaid it continues to attract interest, by as much as three percentage points above the current inflation rate. Using data from a calculator on a government website, this paper shows that the highest‐paid graduates pay back less than those on middle incomes: the ‘squeezed middle’ pays back more not only than those on low incomes but also the better‐paid and those whose incomes increase more rapidly. This has differential effects according to occupation—and sex; and middle‐income groups also contribute more to the costs of widening participation programmes, which all universities charging more than £6,000 per annum are required to fund.     

我国著作权集体管理组织许可使用费决定机制检讨与改革

有关集体管理组织许可使用费的决定及收取的关键不在于具体金额多寡,而在于程序的合理性和公正性。我国目前集体管理组织许可使用费决定机制忽视使用人知情参与权,而著作权主管机关审查又仅流于形式,而且有关许可使用费争议在当前法律机制下难以得到有效解决。由于版权的私权本质,有关版权许可费决定机制应当回归市场本位,由著作权集体管理组织与使用人自由磋商,同时为了制衡集体管理组织滥用优势地位的可能性,应当采取由主管机关设立专门的争议解决机制来处理双方之间的争议。