论刑法上的被害人同意能力

被害人的同意能力是被害人同意生效的要件之一，包括认识能力和控制能力两个要素，在判断上分为事实性和规范性两个层次。同意能力的确定没有统一的标准，既不能从刑事责任能力中直接推导，也不以民法上的行为能力为必要。在刑法有明确规定的情况下，以刑法规定为准；在没有法律规定的情况下，不能简单照搬刑事责任能力和民事行为能力的标准，而是应当具体考虑行为人的年龄和心智状况，结合案件发生的具体场景以及被害人支配的具体法益，综合考量加以确定。

The Victim's Ability to Consent in Criminal Law

The victim's ability to consent is one of the elements which carry the consent into effect. The ability, consisting of the capacity to understand and control, should be judged from both fact level and normative level. There is no uniform standard to determine the ability, which is not derived directly from criminal responsibility and the civil capacity for legal transactions is not necessary. When the Penal Code defined directly, the judgment subjects to the provisions; when the provisions are in Absence, w...