二十一世纪的俄罗斯石油工业

俄罗斯石油资源十分丰富,截至2000年底,探明原始石油可采储量约为310亿吨,预计尚未探明远景储量为450亿吨,位居世界第二位。俄石油工业的开发可以追溯到19世纪中叶,而发展壮大则是在十月革命胜利以后。多年来俄石油工业从国家垄断到开放市场,从国家调控到无序竞争,从无序竞争又到国家调控、规范市场,经受了国际、国内石油市场强烈的震荡,取得了令世人瞩目的成绩。然而,俄石油工业目前距建成一个公平竞争、规范化的石油市场还有一段距离,21世纪俄石油工业仍面临着新的机遇和挑战。

THE RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Russia is very rich in oil resource. By the end of 2000, it was verified that its recoverable oil reserves were around 31 billion tons. Anticipated that its prospective reserves were 45 billion tons, occupying the second place in the world. The establishment of Russian oil industry can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century, yet the development of the industry is only after the October Revolution. For many years, the oil industry has experienced from a state monopoly to a market openness, from a state regulation and control to a disorderly competition, and backwards again to a standardized market. It has undergone a strong vibration of the international and domestic market and achieved a great progress. Nevertheless to be a fair and standard oil market obviously still has a long way to go. The oil industry is facing both new opportunity and challenge in the 21st century.