从异化到自由全面的发展——对人的存在状态发展之路的马克思主义解答

人类的生存状态,经历两个基本的阶段:异化状态和自由全面发展的状态.人类在进入自由全面发展的生存状态以前,历史必然地要经受异化的苦难.一方面想要通过市场经济发展生产力(实际上也就是为最终消灭异化创造历史条件),另一方面又不想要市场经济的发展必然造成的人的存在的异化状态,以为在市场经济的条件下可以实现人的自由全面的发展.这只能是一些人头脑中的美好愿望,是自欺欺人的幻想.无论是异化状态还是自由全面发展的状态,都是历史的产物,是由人类生活的具体历史条件规定的.在考察人类生存状态的历史发展时,必须反对人道主义的历史观而坚持唯物主义的历史观.

From the Stage of Alienation to Free and All-round Development --The Marxian Answers to the Development Roads for the Living Conditions of Human Beings

The living conditions of human beings have undergone two fundamental stages, the phase of alienation and free and all-round development. Under the circumstances of private ownership and the system of dividing work, people were living in an atmosphere of alienation. The activities carried by human beings were not for developing their ability but for the ownership of possession. As a result, people couldn't control and dominate their own activities and possession but vice versa. In narrow ways did people develop their capacities. Only after the destruction of private ownership and the system of dividing work did people become their own masters. People are living for the requirement of versatile capabilities in different fields and in various ways. So the free and all-round development stage has come into being. No matter what stages they are, both are the products of history by the rules of human life under any given and historical conditions. Based on reflecting the historical development of living conditions for human beings, we should condemn historical points of view of humanism. What we should adhere to is that of historical materialism.