食品安全权及其法律构造

食品安全问题具有普遍性,越来越受到世界各国及相关国际组织的重视。但是,在既有的人权法和国际法文本中均找不到食品安全及食品安全权这样的表述,食品安全权及其保障只在一些国际组织的扩大解释文件及国际软法中存在,其不具有法律约束力,这种状况必须改变。在国内法层面,我国《宪法》中不存在保护民众食品安全权的相关表述,《民法通则》、《侵权责任法》、《消费者权益保护法》等法律中的健康权表述也没有明确提及这种健康权是否包括食品安全权。《食品安全法》虽已经存在并在继续完善中,但是其中也没有提出以保障食品安全权作为其立法宗旨。因为食品安全问题涉及民生、社会稳定,甚至国家安全,宪法和法律必须加以明确。未来有必要对《食品安全法》进行全面整修,以保障民众的食品安全权为根本宗旨,整合食品安全相关领域的法律法规,从而有效威慑危害食品安全的行为,同时为食品安全权被侵害者提供更多更充分的私权保护及更为直接的法律救济路径。

Right to Food Safety and Its Legal Structure

Food safety problems are universal, thus it has arose the attention of more and more countries and regarding international organizations in the world. But up till now, we could not find such expression or terms as food safety or right to food safety in the existing texts in human right laws and international laws. Right to food safety and its safeguard are only appeared in the expanding interpretation documents made by international organizations and some international soft laws, however, they are of no legally binding, the situation of which must be changed. In domestic law level, the Constitution did not stipulate the clause of protecting the right to food safety and related statements, and the term of right to health expressed in the General Principles of Civil Law, Tort Liability Law, Consumer Rights and Interest Protection Law and other laws are all not explicitly stipulated that whether the right to health is including the right to food safety or not. Food Safety Law has already put into force and continued to be improved, but it did not put forward safeguarding the right to food safety as its legislative purpose. Food safety problems involve every individual＇s livelihood and furthermore social stability and national security as well, therefore, the Constitution and the concerning laws shall make clear the status of food safety. It is necessary for a comprehensive renovation of the Food Safety Law in the future so as to ensure every individual＇s right to food safety as its fundamental purpose, integrate related laws and regulations concerning food safety, and provide more and sufficient private right protection, thus any acts endangering food safety and those whose food safety rights being infringed may directly refer to relevant detailed laws and provisions for legal governance and remedies.