当下中国宪法司法化的路径与方法

法院适用法律必须解释法律,而解释法律又必须进行合宪解释,合宪解释是目前我国宪法在司法中适用的最好方式,是现行体制下我国宪法司法化的最佳路径。各级人民法院在民事、刑事和行政诉讼中审理每一起案件适用法律时都应当考虑到宪法,进行合宪解释。每一位法官都是合宪解释的主体,都享有法律解释权和宪法解释权,但这并不否定最高人民法院的最高司法解释权以及全国人大常委会对法律和宪法的最终解释权。法院通过合宪解释方式间接适用宪法,不必将宪法作为裁判依据而引用,但应当在裁判说理部分引用宪法条款。法院在合宪解释过程中发现法律明显违宪时,应当中止诉讼,逐级上报,由最高人民法院报送全国人大常委会处理。

Ways of and Approaches to Judicial Enforcement of Constitution in Present China

While applying a law,courts must interpret it and its interpretation is required constitutional.As such,constitutional interpretation is deemed the best way for us to enforce the Constitution judicially within the existing regime.While hearing cases,whether civil or criminal,or cases brought against an administrative agency,China's people's courts in different levels are required to make constitutional interpretation of laws.The fact that each judge is empowered to construe laws as well as the Constitution does not deny the supremacy of the judicial interpretation of the Highest People's Court or the final say of the Standing Committee of the Peoples' Congress of China in terms of construction of laws and the Constitution.By way of constitutional interpretation,courts indirectly apply the Constitution rather than directly invoke it as an authority.However,it is necessary to adduce the quotations from the Constitution in judge's opinions.Where courts find the provisions in a law unconstitutional,they should suspend the trial and report the case to their superiors.And finally it is up to the Highest People's Court to report to the People's Congress to have the problem solved.